Term
| laryngopharynx is respiratory only |
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Definition
| oropharynx is a path for both food and air, but what about the laryngiopharynx? |
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Term
| muscle and CT covered with mucosa |
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Definition
| what's inside the soft palate? |
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Term
| posterior to the upper 3rd molars |
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Definition
| at what tooth does the soft palate begin? |
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Term
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Definition
| what part of the sphenoid bone does tensor veli palatini attach to? |
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Term
| the petrous part of the temporal bone |
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Definition
| what bone does levator veli palatini attach to? |
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Term
| between the lateral and medial pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone |
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Definition
| where is the pterygoid fossa? |
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Term
| the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid |
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Definition
| what bone is the pterygoid hammulus on? |
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Term
the tendon of tensor veli palatini wraps around it
superior constrictor originates off it |
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Definition
| what is the function of the pterygoid hamulus? |
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Term
o: medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid (pterygoid fossa)
i: palatine aponeruosis
a: tenses the soft palate & pulls the auditory tube down
i: medial pterygoid of mandibular(V3) |
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Definition
| what is the origin, insertion, action, and innervation of tensor veli palatini? |
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Term
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Definition
| what muscle elevates the palate to the level of the skull base? |
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Term
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Definition
| what muscle is in the palatoglossal arch that pulls the tongue and soft palate towards each other? |
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Term
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Definition
| name the mucosa over the inverted u at the end of the eustachian tube |
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Term
| palatopharyngeal muscle (the arches have same named muscle) |
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Definition
| name the muscle inside the palatopharyngeal arch? |
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Term
| a v shaped recess between the tongue and the cartilage of the epiclottis |
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Definition
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Term
TVP = V (has V in the name)
LPalati: X
PalatoG: X |
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Definition
| what innervates tensor veli palatini? levator palati? palatoglossus? |
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Term
to make a seal between the oropharynx and nasopharynx when swallowing
tensor veli palatini
levator palati |
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Definition
| what is the purpose of elevating the palate? what muscles do this? |
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Term
1) all muscle with TENSOR in their name are V3
2) all muscle with PALAT in their name are X (unless they have tensor)
3) all muscle with GLOSSUS in their name are innervated by XII unless # 2 applies
remember: tensor-trigemnial, glossus-hypoglossus |
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Definition
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Term
1) facial (tonsilar and ascending palatine branches)
2) dorsal lingual arteries
3) descending palatine artery (3rd part of maxillary)
4) ascending pharyngeal artery (ECA) |
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Definition
| what arteries does the palatine tonsil receive blood from? |
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Term
| kissing tonsils, this happens when the tongue is protruded |
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Definition
| what is it called when tonsils meet in the midline? |
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Term
adenoid (can swell up and interrupt air flow through the nasal passages)
found int he posterior wall of the nasopharynx behind the uvula |
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Definition
| what is another name for the pharyngeal tonsil? where is it found |
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Term
when your adenoid glands are too big, they can cut off the airway, especially during sleep
adenoid facies is a tired face that has an open mouth because mouth breathing is obligatory. They look tired because they cant sleep because they can't breathe. |
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Definition
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Term
it is used to predict the ease of intubation, and used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea
it is stages based on the visibility of the uvula, palatal arches, and soft palate |
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Definition
| what is the Mallampati staging system? |
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Term
| stage 1 is most open, stage 4 is most closed/obstructed |
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Definition
| which has a wider open entrance to the oropharynx? stage 1 or stage 4 mallampati? |
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Term
1) areolar layer (buccopharyngeal fascia)
2) muscular layer
3) submucosal layer
4) mucosal layer |
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Definition
| list the layers of the pharynx external to internal |
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Term
| outer circumferential, inner longitudinal |
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Definition
| how are the muscular layers in the pharynx oriented? |
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Term
| the submucosal layer (this is a tough, fibrous CT layer that attaches to the occipital bone) |
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Definition
| what layer of the pharynx is also known as the pharyngobasilar fascia? |
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Term
| glossopharyngeal CN IX (nasopharynx also gets V2 parhyngeal branch) |
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Definition
| what nerve provides somatic sensory to the pharyngeal nerve plexus (pharyngeal mucosa)? |
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Term
CN IX to stylopharyngeus
CN X to all other pharynx muscles |
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Definition
| what innervates the muscles of the pharynx? |
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Term
sensory: CN IX
motor: CN X |
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Definition
| describe the motor and sensory component of the gag reflex |
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Term
1) constrictors
2) vertical group |
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Definition
| what are the 2 groups of pharynx muscles? |
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Term
1) superior constrictor
2) middle constrictor
3) inferior constrictor
all CN X
* these muscles generally attach to their opposite side counterpart |
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Definition
| list the palate constrictor muscles and their innervation |
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Term
1) palatopharyngeus (X)
2) salpingopharyngeus (X)
3) stylopharyngeus (IX)
these muscles all attach to the posterior margin of the thyroid cartilage |
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Definition
| list the vertical pharyngeal muscles and their innervation |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the origin of the superior constrictor muscle? |
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Term
o: pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe
i: pharyngeal tubercle/raphe |
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Definition
| describe the origin and insertion of the superior constrictor |
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Term
o: stylohyoid ligament & both horns of hyoid
i: pharyngeal raphe |
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Definition
| describe the origin and insertion of the middle constrictor |
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Term
o: thyroid cartilage
i: L& R pharyngeal raphe (blends with esophagus) |
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Definition
| describe the origin and insertion of the inferior constrictor |
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Term
| tensor veli palitini & salpingopharyngeus |
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Definition
| what 2 muscles help to equalize the air pressure when you swallow? |
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Term
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Definition
| what pharynx muscle starts outside the constrictors, but ends up inside them? |
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Term
o: catilaginous part of auditory tube
i: CT of tensor veli palatini, and thyroid cartilage |
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Definition
| what is the origin/insertion of salpingopharyngeus? |
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Term
o: hard palate
i: upper thyroid cartilage |
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Definition
| what is the origin/insertion of palatopharyngeus? |
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Term
1) between skull and superior constrictor
2) between superior and middle constrictor
3) between middle and inferior constrictor
4) between inferior constrictor and the esophagus |
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Definition
| describe the gaps between the constrictor muscles |
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Term
1)eustachian tube
2)levator palati
3)ascending palatine artery (from facial a.) |
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Definition
| what found in the first constrictor gap? |
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Term
1) GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE
2) stylopharyngeus muscle
3) stylohyoid ligament |
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Definition
| what is found in the gap between superior and middle constrictors? |
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Term
1) internal laryngeal nerve (vagus)
2) superior laryngeal branches of inferior thyroid vessels (ECA) |
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Definition
| what is found in the gap between middle and inferior constrictors? |
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Term
1) RECCURENT LARYNGEAL N (From vagus)
2) inferior laryngeal branches of inferior thyroid vessels |
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Definition
| what is found int he gap between inferior constrictor and the esophagus? |
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Term
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Definition
| what muscle is inside the uvula? |
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Term
| facial and lingual arteries |
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Definition
| what arteries cross middle constrictor? |
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Term
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Definition
| what artery runs alongside the pharynx? |
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Term
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Definition
| what nerve comes out of the jugular foramen then goes lateral, under SCM, across the posterior triangle to trapezius |
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Term
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Definition
| what nerve comes out the hypoglossal canal and pierces the carotid sheath? |
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Term
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Definition
| what nerve goes through the carotid sheath posteriorly between internal carotid and internal jugular vein |
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Term
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Definition
| what nerve runs along the back of stylopharyngeus? |
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Term
| IX, X, XI, Nerves are medial to the vein |
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Definition
| what 3 nerves come out the jugular foramen? which is more medial, the nerves or the vein? |
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Term
1) voluntary phase
2) initial involuntary
3) secondary involuntary |
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Definition
| what are the 3 phases of swallowing? |
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Term
| the food bolus is moved back with the tongue and the palate is elevated with styloglossus |
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Definition
| what happens in the voluntary phase of swallowing? |
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Term
2 seals form:
1) the nasopharynx is closed off with the soft palate against the back wall of the pharynx
2) the oropalatal seal is made between the tongue and soft palate (the palatal arches constrict to keep food moving the right direction)
3) superior constrictor constricts to start peristaltic like movements |
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Definition
| what happens in the initial involuntary phase of swallowing? |
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Term
| you regurgitate into the nose when swallowing |
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Definition
| what happens with velar insufficiency(undersized palate) or velar incompetence(paralyzed palate)? |
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Term
| the epiglottis is pushed down, the esophagus opens, the vertical muscles take action (geniohyoid and anterior digastric) |
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Definition
| what happens in the secondary involuntary phase of swallowing? |
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Term
| the place where the oropharyngeal seal forms |
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Definition
| what is the oropharyngeal isthmus? |
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Term
1)constriction of palatoglossal/pharyngeal arches
2)upward movement of the tongue via styloglossus
3) down and forward movement of soft palate |
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Definition
| list the events that correspond with the closure of the oropharyngeal seal |
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Term
| the valecula, and the medial glossoepiglottic ligament |
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Definition
| what is in between the epiglottis and tongue (what connects them?) |
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Term
1) vocal folds
2) aryepiglottic muscle |
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Definition
| what larynx structures close/constrict when swallowing? |
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Term
| the quadrangular ligament |
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Definition
| what ligament attaches the epiglottis to the arytnoid cartilages? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is an important path for liquid in infants? |
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Term
1)pull tongue and hyoid forward to open the esophagus
2)empty the valleculae (valleculae become more shallow when they constrict) |
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Definition
| what do the geniohyoids do in swallowing? |
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Term
| adults have a much greater distance between the uvula and epiglottis, these structures overlap in infants |
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Definition
| what is the main difference between adults and infants in their anatomy of the pharynx? |
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Term
| they close off the pharynx in the midline with the uvula touching the epiglottis, and the liquid flows around the free sides of it to the piriform recesses |
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Definition
| how do infants swallow and breath when nursing? |
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