Term
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Definition
- Definite onset
- Cause usually known
- Short duration, self-limiting related to injury/illness
- Decreases as healing progresses
- Sympathetic response usually present
- Focus of treatment is on cause |
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Term
|
Definition
- Duration of at least one month longer than usual course or pain or healing of injury
- Cause may not be known
- Pathologic: serves no purpose, not a symptom, a condition in itself
- Little sympathetic response
- May have acute exacerbations |
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Term
|
Definition
When gate (in spinal cord) is closed, pain is blocked
Stimuli other than pain pass through the same gate
Physiologic reason why nonpharmacologic pain interventions can work |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pain receptors, sensory nerves that detect mechanical, thermal or chemical stimuli above an activation threshold |
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Term
| 4 processes of nociception |
|
Definition
Transduction
Transmission
Perception
Modulation |
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Term
|
Definition
Result of damage to nerves, spinal cord, or brain
Pain may have been originally related to an injury which affected nerves
Can persist for months or years |
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Term
| Types of neuropathic pain |
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Definition
Somatic: from the skin
Visceral: from the organs |
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Term
| Associated symptoms of neuropathic pain |
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Definition
Allodynia: pain from non-painful stimulus
Hyperalgesia: increased sensitivity to normally painful stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| May help prevent post-herpetic neuralgia |
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Term
|
Definition
Systemic type of neuropathic pain
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Alcohol-nutritional neuropathy
- HIV neuropathy |
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Term
|
Definition
Local type of neuropathic pain
- Nerve root compression
- Trigeminal neuralgia |
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Term
Consequences of Unrelieved Pain
Endocrine |
|
Definition
- Sympathetic nervous system hyperstimulation
- Glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia |
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Term
Consequences of Unrelieved Pain
Cardiac |
|
Definition
- Increased HR, BP, cardiac workload, O2 demand, risk of myocardial infarction
- Hypercoagulability |
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|
Term
Consequences of Unrelieved Pain
Respiratory |
|
Definition
- Decreased respiratory function
- Complications: pneumonia, atelectasis, PE |
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|
Term
Consequences of Unrelieved Pain
GI |
|
Definition
- Delayed gastric emptying
- Decreased motility
- Ileus
- Nausea
- Anorexia and weight loss |
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|
Term
Consequences of Unrelieved Pain
Musculoskeletal |
|
Definition
- Impaired muscle function
- Decreased mobility
- Decreased ability to ambulate
- Diminished short and long-term recovery and rehab |
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Term
Consequences of Unrelieved Pain
Cognitive |
|
Definition
- Mental status changes
- Delirium
- Sleep and behavior disturbances
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Anhedonia |
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|
Term
Consequences of Unrelieved Pain
Personal |
|
Definition
- Inability to perform ADLs
- Impaired relationships
- Impaired intimacy
- Social isolation
- Anger
- Loss of self-esteem
- Economic stress |
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Term
|
Definition
- Pain is extremely common in the elderly
- Frequently multifactorial
- At increased risk of adverse drug events and drug interactions
- Frequently undertreated |
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Term
|
Definition
Onset
Palliative measures
Quality
Radiation
Severity
Treatment |
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Term
| Reasons patient might not report pain |
|
Definition
- Fear of diagnostic testing
- Fear of medications
- Fear meaning of pain
- Perceive physicians and nurses to be too busy
- Complaining may affect quality of care
- Believe nothing can or will be done |
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Term
| PCA (Patient-Controlled Analgesia) |
|
Definition
| Opioid meds delivered via IV controlled by patient |
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Term
|
Definition
- Maintains more constant level of pain relief
- Decrease patient anxiety by giving patient control
- Eliminates need for repeated injections |
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Term
| TENS: electrical counterstimulation |
|
Definition
- Skin stimulation by mild electrical current passing through external electrodes
- Useful in managing postop pain, reducing pain from post op procedures |
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Term
|
Definition
Chronic relapsing condition characterized by
- Psychological dependence
- Compulsive drug-seeking
- Use of drugs despite harm
- Long-lasting chemical changes in the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| The need to increase a drug to achieve the same effect |
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Term
|
Definition
| Development of a withdrawal syndrome when a drug is suddenly discontinued |
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Term
|
Definition
Patient is seeking medication and seeming like they're addicted but really their pain is just not being managed
Symptoms go away when pain is managed properly |
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