Term
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Definition
From injury to peripheral or central nerves/neurons
Hardest type of pain to treat
From sensitization of receptors, afferents, spinal cord and brain
Use specialized adjuvant neuropathic pain medications to treat
Controversial whether or not to use opioids |
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Term
| Examples of Neuropathic Pain Syndromes |
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Definition
Postherpetic neuralgia
Radiculopathy
Trigeminal neuralgia
Peripheral neuropathy |
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Term
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Definition
Activation of nociceptors
Acute trauma or bone pain 2 common examples
Inflammatory “soup” produced by injury sensitizes and activates pain receptors
Easily localized
Responds to anti-inflammatories if not too severe and opioids |
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Term
| Examples of Somatic Pain Syndromes |
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Definition
Cellulitis
Bone pain from fracture
Bone pain from metastases
Polymyositis |
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Term
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Definition
From involvement of visceral organs
Heart attack classic example
Pain felt as diffuse hard to localize-some referral patterns
Heart travels down left arm (why?)
Diaphragm refers to shoulder
Kidney refers to paraspinal L1 region |
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Term
| Examples of Visceral Pain Syndromes |
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Definition
Myocardial Infarction
Appendicitis
Acute abdomen
Subphrenic abscess
Diverticulitis |
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Term
| The placebo response works by |
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Definition
| Stimulating release of the patients' endogenous opioids that then act by producing antinociception |
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Term
| What causes Chronic Pain? |
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Definition
increasing signals from pain conducting C-fibers
Upregulation of Na+ channels increases excitability
Phenotypic switching from A to C-fibers
Central sensitization |
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Term
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Definition
| Central sensitization is loosely defined as an increased response to stimulation that is mediated by amplification of signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) |
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Term
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Definition
| pain to a nonpainful stimulus |
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