Term
| Renal & Urologic system function |
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Definition
-Filter waste
-Remove fluid
-control electrolyte and water balance
-Assist in BP regulation
-Controls the production of RBC |
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Term
| Waste the Renal and Urologic system filters |
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Definition
| (Uric Acid , urea, creatinine, drugs) |
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Term
Renal & Urologic system
electrolytes controlled |
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Definition
| NA, K, hydrogen, chloride , bicarbonate |
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Term
| produced by the Renal & Urologic system to control RBC production |
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Definition
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Term
| how much plasma does the body have? |
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Definition
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Term
how much plasma filtered per day?
implication/outcome |
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Definition
180 Lilters, 48 gallons
full body volume 60times/day
-99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed
-1.5-2 liters of urine produced per day |
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Term
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Definition
functional unit of the kidney
filters Na, glucose, amino acids, K, stay (RBC) |
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Term
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Definition
-bowman's capsule containing, within the glomerulus...
-glomerulus ->proximal tubule -> loop of henle -> distal tubule -> collecting ducts |
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Term
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Definition
| afferent arteriole -> glomerulus filters pulls out 20% of fluid, Na, glucose, amino acids -> filtrate heads to proximal tubule |
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Term
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Definition
from bowman's capsule
-lined with cells that reabsorb Na, glucose, amino acids via ATP pump (back into the blood) |
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Term
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Definition
between proximal and distal tubule
-pumps out Na+, Cl-, K+
-water follows (concentration gradient) |
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Term
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Definition
follows the loop of henle
-continues in the reabsorption of Na, glucose, amino acids, and water into the blood |
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Term
Collecting ducts,
-what goes there?
-ADH role |
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Definition
follow the distal tubules
-where concentrated waste is deposited,
-Anti-diuretic hormone controls how much water can leak out, to be reabsorbed by the body |
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Term
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Definition
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) |
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Term
| Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) |
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Definition
A Kidney Function Test
-Test for how well kidneys are filtering
-Measured by creatinine levels in blood |
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Term
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) |
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Definition
A Kidney Function Test
-Urea is a byproduct of protein metabolism |
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Term
| Aging and kidney function |
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Definition
- Diminished blood supply to kidneys
- Decreased number of nephrons
- Less efficient
- Less able to concentrate or dilute urine
- Decreased bladder capacity
- Diminished pelvic floor mm strength
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH |
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Term
| kidney infection signs and symptoms |
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Definition
1. Frequency
2. Urgency
3. Dysuria
4. Cloudy Foul smelling
5. Painful urination
6. Blood or pus in Urine
7. Fever
8. Chills
9. Malaise
10. Flank Pain |
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Term
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Definition
-affect 5% of females per year
-SNF, extended care 20 % (men)-25% (women) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
UTI
upper portion of the urinary tract and involve the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
-Drinking at least eight 8-oz glasses of water each day
-Urinating soon after sexual intercourse
-For females, wiping from the front to back after urination
-Changing sanitary pads often during menstruation
-Washing the genital area with warm water before sexual activity to minimize the chance that bacteria can be introduced |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
end-stage renal disease
-aka kidney failure |
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Term
Renal cystic disease
-what is it?
-Symptoms |
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Definition
-cyst develop in the kidney
-can lead to degeneration or obstruction, ESRD
-Pain, hematuria, fever, hypertension |
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Term
Renal Obstructive Disorders
-can incliude |
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Definition
-Renal calculi
-Prostatic hyperplasia
-Cancer
-Scar tissue from inflammation
-Tumors
-Infection |
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Term
Renal calculi
-what forms them
-why? |
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Definition
Kidney stones: crystals formed from normal components of urine (calcium 75-80%, magnesium, uric acid, magnesium, ammonium)
-stones start forming when too much of these ingredients are available |
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Term
Renal calculi
-what do they cause>?
-Treatment? |
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Definition
-obstruction -> backward pressure leads to damage
-pain with NO COMFORTABLE POSITION
treatment:
-Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
-stones gr8er than 1cm benefit from ureteroscopy |
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Term
Renal failure
-RESULTS
-types |
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Definition
-elevated creatinine and urea
types:
-ACUTE RENAL FAILURE-sudden loss of function, causes toxicity, trauma, prolonged UTI
-Chronic Renal Failure- decreased loss of function for > 3 months |
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Term
Chronic renal failure
-blood symptoms |
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Definition
| Increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, or protein detected in the urine |
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Term
Chronic renal failure
-when are symptoms apparent? |
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Definition
not at first:
Below 25% functioning, problems develop
Below 15-20%, treatment |
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Term
Chronic renal failure
-outcome |
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Definition
-loss of nephrons
-leads to end stage renal disease
-dialysis necessary |
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Term
| what can lead to chronic renal failure? |
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Definition
| Diabetes, HTN, UT obstructions, hereditary, OTC NSAIDS or acetaminophen |
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Term
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Definition
-Uremia-retention of nitrogen wastes
-Anemia - decreased erythropoietin
-impaired coagulation
-cardiovascular disease
-GI disturbance
-medullary sponge kidney
-calcium deposits in various tissue
-HTN: angiotensin II released to keep pressure adequate for filtering |
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Term
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Definition
-retention of nitrogen wastes causing multi system failure
-Nausea, Vomiting, Anorexia, Lethargy, Pruritus (itching), Sensory and motor neuropathy, Pericarditis, Impaired heart function, Seizures |
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Term
Medullary sponge kidney
-effects-as in ESRD |
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Definition
| -body retains phosphate and loses Ca++….PTH increases to draw more Ca++ out of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
-end stage Renal diseasse
Dialysis
Transplant |
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