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P.Eng Law & Ethics
Flashcards for NPPE
147
Other
Not Applicable
10/25/2021

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Cards

Term
Acceleration
Definition
increase labor or equiptment to speed up project to mitigate impact or delays
Term
Acceleration Claims
Definition
cost of making up lost time
Term
Anticipatory
Definition
one party indicates that they intend to breach obligations
Term
Bankability
Definition
lender is satisfied project will make money and that the risk is covered by insurance
Term
Bid Shopping
Definition
using bids from one party to obtain lower prices from another
Term
Bid/Tender
Definition
made in compliance with contract terms, irrevocable until end of evaluation period.
Term
Bond
Definition
form of contract where one party (the Surety) guarantees performance by another (the principal; usually the contractor)
Term
Bonus Clause
Definition
additional payment for good performance
Term
Call For Tender
Definition
request from owner to sellers of goods and services (bidders) to submit bid for
Term
CERES
Definition
Coalition for environmentally responsible economies (created in the wake of the Exxon Valdez oil spill)
Term
Change Directives
Definition
additional work paid at cost-plus; ordered by consultant, not owner
Term
Change Orders
Definition
Paperwork for changes to contracts
Term
Charter
Definition
establishes individual rights to all Canadians and prohibits grounds such as discrimination
Term
Claims Made Policy
Definition
covers claims made during the policy period; it does not matter when the loss happened (most liability insurance)
Term
Closed Shop
Definition
membership in the union is a precondition of hiring
Term
Compensable Delays
Definition
delays where a party is contractually entitled to recover damages
Term
Competition Act
Definition
governs bids and trade practices (Federal)
Term
Conflict Of Interest
Definition
when professionals have conflicting obligations to 2 separate parties
Term
Consecutive Trust
Definition
a trust implied by law to protect the rights of one party in a relationship
Term
Consequential Damages
Definition
indirect losses; ex. Loss of business
Term
Constructive Acceleration
Definition
Contractor forced to accelerate without the owners acknowledgement
Term
Constructive Damages
Definition
changes to contract owner refuses to acknowledge
Term
Constructive Dismissal
Definition
employer changes contract and employee rejects it
Term
Consumer Legislation
Definition
Consumer legislation - liable for damages from defective product under consumer protection act.
Term
Contract
Definition
enforceable (i.e. upholds in court), voluntary agreement between two parties
Term
Contract Law
Definition
Contract Law – breach contract by performing work incorrectly or not upholding commitments
Term
Contract Law
Definition
fundamental principles of whether or not a contract is enforceable
Term
Contracts
Definition
voluntary agreement between two or more parties that set out the rights, responsibilities and liabilities of each party
Term
Counterclaim
Definition
statement of claim from defendant
Term
Damages
Definition
compensation awarded to injured party by court
Term
Declaratory Order
Definition
court determined rights, but does not require parties to do anything
Term
Definition Of Discrimination
Definition
the action of discerning ,distinguishing things or people from others, and making a difference
Term
Delay
Definition
an event that extends the duration of a project
Term
Discipline
Definition
process of charging a member and proceeding to a hearing to determine guilt
Term
Discovery Of Documents
Definition
parties must produce all relevant documents
Term
Due Diligence
Definition
took all reasonable active steps to ensure no breaches.
Term
Duty Of Care
Definition
Was there a reasonably foreseeable risk of injury or damage to others as a result of the action? And Was anyone close enough to be affected by the action.
Term
Employment Equity
Definition
pro-active strategy to ensure all members of society have fair and equal access to employment opportunities (NOT the same as Quotas)
Term
Enforcement
Definition
charging a non-member for practicing or using an exclusive title.
Term
Estoppels
Definition
one party relies on actions of another party instead of on contract (ex. Landlord estopped from requiring payments on 1st of month if continually accepts payments on 3rd; they waived contractual rights)
Term
Ethics
Definition
Ethics – the study of right and wrong, good and evil, obligations and rights
Term
Examination For Discovery
Definition
oral cross exam of opposing party
Term
Exclusion Clause
Definition
exclude damages or remedies available to the innocent party in the occurrence of a specific event
Term
Excusable Delays
Definition
can extend completion date, but it is not compensable
Term
Express Terms
Definition
conditions that have been discussed and agreed upon
Term
Failure Analysis
Definition
Failure Analysis – Examines consequences of a component failing and reduces probability of failure.
Term
Float
Definition
time contingency
Term
Force Majeure
Definition
beyond all control of the parties
Term
Fundamental Breach
Definition
party not performing any obligations; injured party can terminate contract and sue
Term
Grievance Arbitration
Definition
complaint that other party breached collective agreement
Term
Grub State Agreements
Definition
participants pay for units that entitle them to a share of the outcome
Term
Hazard Analysis
Definition
Hazard Analysis – identify hazard, eliminate when possible, shield when they can’t be eliminated, and provide remedial action when they can’t be shielded (i.e. warn user of risk)
Term
Impact Or Disruption
Definition
an event that detrimentally affects the project
Term
Implied Terms
Definition
not discussed, but taken for granted
Term
Incompetence
Definition
practicing outside field of expertise, lack of adequate knowledge, skill or judgment
Term
Injunction
Definition
prohibits party from doing something
Term
Innocent Misrepresentation
Definition
no intention to deceive; may still be entitled to recession
Term
Insurance Policies
Definition
contracts of indemnity (contract law applies)
Term
Intentional Torts
Definition
Fraud, trespass, defamation
Term
Interrogatories
Definition
questions sent to a party that must be answered under oath
Term
Invitation To Treat
Definition
request for offers
Term
Jurisdictional Disputes
Definition
two or more trades claim that a certain portion of work belongs to them. General solve these disputes with the labor board to prevent work stoppage.
Term
Just Cause
Definition
employee has breached employment contract
Term
Learned Intermediary
Definition
person between the manufacturer and the consumer with specialized technical knowledge
Term
Letter Of Intent
Definition
basic terms of future contract; NOT enforceable
Term
Liability Insurance
Definition
protects against 3rd party claims
Term
Lien
Definition
charge or claim against property
Term
Lien Bond
Definition
used as security to remove liens from a property; not put into place until a lien has been placed.
Term
Limitation Clause
Definition
limits damages or remedies available to the innocent party in the occurrence of a specific event
Term
Limitation Period
Definition
time limit claim must be made in
Term
Liquidated Damages
Definition
estimates of loss written into contract
Term
Material Non-Disclosure
Definition
breach caused by not providing relevant information to insurer
Term
Measured Mile Approach
Definition
use unaffected portion of the project to compare to the productivity of the affected portion
Term
Misconduct
Definition
Negligence, incompetence, corruption
Term
Moral Principles
Definition
standards of conduct required by society
Term
Negligence
Definition
Carelessness; Carrying out work below accepted standard of care.
Term
Negligence
Definition
failure to take reasonable care of another party.
Term
Negligent Misrepresentation
Definition
injured party relied on erroneous information and suffered a loss (includes concealing facts)
Term
Notice And Agreement By Conduct
Definition
agreements are binding
Term
Notice Of Claim Provision
Definition
procedure to follow to give notice and info for a claim
Term
Nuisance
Definition
undue interference with the use and enjoyment of rights to land)
Term
Obligee
Definition
party whom obligations are owed (usually the owner)
Term
Occurrence Policy
Definition
covers claims for damage which occurred during the policy period (ex. House insurance, car insurance, etc.)
Term
Open Shop
Definition
no union requirements
Term
Option Agreements
Definition
buy shares or do work in exchange for an interest in a property
Term
Parol Evidence Rule
Definition
when contract language is clear, extrinsic evidence is not admissible to add to, vary or contradict the written words
Term
Penalty
Definition
punishment for breach of contract; written into contract; often NOT enforced in court
Term
Performance Specs
Definition
set out operating parameters that must be met by final product
Term
Perils Covered
Definition
events covered by insurance
Term
Phase 1 Esa
Definition
process to determine likelihood of contamination without drilling (use records of site, etc.)
Term
Phase 2 Esa
Definition
assess quantity of contamination and compare to regulations; test water and soils
Term
Phase 3 Esa
Definition
environmental remediation; detailed description of contaminants, remediation program, samples and measure of success of remediation program
Term
Postal Acceptance Rule
Definition
acceptance is communicated as soon as contract is placed in the mail
Term
Private Corporation
Definition
(aka closely held corporation) all stocks held by a small group of people. Finances are not public
Term
Private Litigation
Definition
a discussion aimed at resolving a dispute thru compromise
Term
Procurement
Definition
purchase of goods and services
Term
Profession
Definition
A calling requiring specialized knowledge and long and intensive preparation. Maintained by force of organization and committing its members to continued study and to a kind of work which has its prime purpose of rendering a public service.
Term
Professional Engineering
Definition
Act of planning, designing, composing, evaluating, advising, directing, supervising or managing that requires the application of engineering principles and that concern the safeguarding of life, health, property, economic interests, the public welfare or the environment
Term
Professional Engineering
Definition
act of planning, designing, composing, evaluating, advising, directing, supervising or managing that requires the application of engineering principles and that concern the safeguarding of life, health, property, economic interests, the public welfare or the environment
Term
Professional Misconduct
Definition
Unprofessional conduct, incompetence, negligence, breach of the code of ethics, physical or mental incapacity and conviction of a serious offence.
Term
Property Insurance
Definition
protects against losses due to a certain cause
Term
Proponent
Definition
submitter of proposal
Term
Prospectus
Definition
written document with financial and technical information about securities made available to potential investors
Term
Public Corporation
Definition
publicly traded and has stringent rules
Term
Quantum Meruit
Definition
company must be paid amount work is worth, even without contract
Term
Rand Formula
Definition
requires all employees to pay union dues
Term
Repudiation
Definition
one party tells another that they won’t perform obligations
Term
Resultant Damage
Definition
damage to property that wasn’t of faulty design
Term
Right To Title
Definition
regulates exclusive rights for its members to use a particular title
Term
Scope Of Practice
Definition
regulates an exclusive right for its members to practice a particular field
Term
Securities
Definition
publicly traded shares
Term
Securities Commission
Definition
protects and promotes fair and efficient trading; prohibits insider trading
Term
Segregation
Definition
distinguishing one group from other to its detriment
Term
Several Liability
Definition
when the plaintiff is also partly at fault, all parties are automatically only responsible for their own portion of the losses
Term
Sexual Harassment
Definition
Unwelcome sexual advances from a person with more “Power”
Term
Simple Breach
Definition
Injured party cannot terminate contract, but can sue
Term
Specific Performance
Definition
court order to perform specific act
Term
Specifications
Definition
detailed work requirements, quality and standard of material and workmanship.
Term
Standard
Definition
Standard – publications that establish accepted practices.
Term
Standard Of Care
Definition
What a reasonable person would do under the circumstances
Term
Standard Of Care
Definition
level of skill and care required of a person based on the level expected by a reasonable, competent member of the profession
Term
Standard Specs
Definition
describes all individual components of the final product
Term
Strict Liability Tort
Definition
do not need to prove negligence, only that the defendant entered the property
Term
Subrogation
Definition
allows party who has suffered a loss from another party to assume the rights of that other party in order to recover the losses from a third party
Term
Third Party Claims
Definition
party added to the lawsuit by the defendant
Term
Tort
Definition
acts committed by one party in violation of the rights of the other; Tort obligations are involuntary and are imposed by the law.
Term
Tort Law
Definition
Tort Law – Seek damages from negligent party in the absence of a contract
Term
Total Cost Approach
Definition
difference between actual and expected project costs
Term
Trade Secret
Definition
information used in industry that is valuable since it’s not widely known (ex. Client lists)
Term
Trust
Definition
separates legal ownership and beneficial interest
Term
Trustee
Definition
person appointed and given legal ownership of property, but must act on behalf of trust beneficiaries (person who benefits from the trust property)
Term
Uniform Electronic Commerce Act
Definition
determines legal requirements of digital contracts
Term
Unintentional Torts
Definition
Negligence or negligent misrepresentation
Term
Union
Definition
employee
Term
Union Shop
Definition
become a union member once you’re hired
Term
Unprofessional Conduct
Definition
any conduct detrimental to the best interest of the public or that harms the good standing of the profession (also breach of code of ethics)
Term
Vicarious Liability
Definition
Employer is liable fro employees actions
Term
Waiver
Definition
occurs when one party stops enforcing their contractual rights
Term
Negative Restrictive Covenant
Definition
Requirement to refrain from doing something
Term
Positive Restrictive Covenant
Definition
Requirement to do something
Term
Chattel
Definition
Tangible personal property
Term
Litigation
Definition
Use of courrts to resolve disputes
Term
Pleadings
Definition
Files about the claim, defense and particulars of the case
Term
Arbitration
Definition
Private litigation
Term
Mediation
Definition
Assisted negotiation aimed at resolving a dispute thru compromise
Term
Bid Bonds
Definition
Guarantee that owner will be paid a penalty if the contractor fails to enter into a contract
Term
Performance Bonds
Definition
Surety guarantees contractors performance of the construction contract
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