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Definition
| a person who studies how humans acquire language and tease out the patterns of and the possible interactions of different aspects of human language.
try to give accounts of the properties of a language that are both as precise and as complete as possible.
try to determine the ways in which all languages are alike and the ways in which they differ. |
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Definition
| general statements of the systematic relationships in a language |
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| universal properties of language |
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Definition
| characteristics that are shared by all languages as well as characteristics that no language can have |
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| arbitrary properties of language |
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Definition
| these properties of language can not be predicted from other properties or from general principles |
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Term
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Definition
| the primary manifestation of language |
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Definition
the secondary manifestation of language.
the representation of speech in a physical medium different sound.
encodes spoken language into a physically preservable form |
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| why speech is the primary/basic method of communication |
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Definition
1) writing was developed after speech
2) in some places, there is only spoken lang. but nowhere is there only written lang.
3) writing must be taught whereas spoken lang. is just picked up
4) studies fo the brain in action during lang. use demonstrate that speech uses specific areas and writing uses these areas plus others |
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Term
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Definition
what you know when you know a language.
a person's unconsciousness knowledge of a language and its structure. |
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Definition
| the set of elements and rules that make up a language. there are 3 types: mental, descriptive and prescriptive. |
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| mental grammar (linguistic competence) |
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Definition
the set of rules that make up a lang.
those aspects of a speaker's knowledge of language that allow him or her to produce grammatical utterances.
has to do with whether particular sentences or utterances are acceptable in general with respect to their structure. |
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Term
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Definition
a linguist's description of the rules of a language.
created by linguists as a model of speaker's linguistic competence.
accept the patterns a speaker actually uses and try to account for them.
allow for different varieties of a language. |
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Term
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Definition
the socially embedded notion of the 'correct' of 'proper' ways to use a language.
made occuring to someone's idea of what is 'good' or 'bad'.
serve to mold english to some form.
make a value judgement about the correctness of an utterance and try to enforce a usage that conforms to one norm.
were invented by someone. |
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Term
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Definition
the words of a language represent a connection between a group of sounds, which give the word its form and a meaning whihc the sound can be said to represent.
form + meaning |
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Definition
meaning is not in any way predictable from the form nor is the form dictated by the meaning.
signs are in no way connected to their meanings |
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Term
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Definition
| the opposite of arbitrariness. the sign is linked to its meaning |
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