Term
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Definition
Change Constancy throughout the lifespan |
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Term
Basic Issues in Development |
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Definition
1. Continuous or discontinuous? 2. One course of development or many? 3. Nature or nurture? |
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Term
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Definition
Prenatal-Conception to birth Infancy and Toddlerhood-Birth to 2 years Early Childhood-2 to 6 years Middle Childhood-6 to 11 years Adolescence-11 to 18 years Early Adulthood-18 to 40 years Middle Adulthood-40 to 65 years Late Adulthood-65 years to death |
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Term
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Definition
Ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development |
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Term
Philosophies of Childhood |
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Definition
1) Medieval: Contradictory beliefs about children's basic nature. 2) Puritan: Children as inherently evil and stubborn -punitive approach to child-rearing 3) Locke: Tabula rasa -children as blank slates shaped by experience 4) Rousseau: Noble savages children as naturally healthy and moral |
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Term
Freud's Three Parts of the Personality |
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Definition
1)ID-Largest portion of the mind, present at birth, unconscious, source of biological needs & desire. 2)EGO-Conscious, rational part of mind, emerges in early childhood and redirects ID accordingly 3)SUPEREGO-The conscience, develops from ages 3 to 6 from interactions with caregivers. |
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Term
Freud's Psychosexual Stages |
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Definition
1) Oral 2) Anal 3) Phallic 4) Latency 5) Genital |
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Term
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages |
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Definition
1) Basic trust v. mistrust -- Birth to 1 years 2) Autonomy v. shame and doubt -- 1-3 years 3) Initiative v. guilt - 3-6 years 4) Industry v. inferiority - 6-11 years 5) Identity v. role confusion - adolescence 6) Intimacy v. isolation - early adulthood 7) Generativity v. stagnation -middle adulthood 8) Ego integrity v. despair -late adulthood |
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Term
Behaviorism & Social Learning |
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Definition
1)Classical Conditioning-Stimulus-Response 2)Operant Conditioning-Reinforces and Punishments 3)Social Learning-Modeling |
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Term
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Definition
More Cognitive 1)Sensorimotor (do figures work) 2)Preoperational (just beginning to do things, like lining up blocks) 3)Concrete Operational (standard functional level) 4)Formal Operational (1/3 to 1/2 people get to this stage--being able to assess the different dimensions of a problem--abstract problem solving) |
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Term
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Definition
Study of adaptive value of behavior and its evolutionary history -Critical Period Biologically prepared to acquire adaptive behaviors during limited time span and needs support of an appropriately stimulating environment E.g.: cat with hood during critical period, becomes blind -Sensitive Period Optimal for certain capacities to emerge. E.g.: learning a language, it's easier to learn earlier on. |
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Term
Evolutionary Developmental Psychology |
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Definition
1)Seeks to understand adaptive value of human competencies (niches). 2)Studies cognitive, emotional and social competencies and change with age 3)Expands upon ethology. |
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Term
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory |
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Definition
1) Transmission of culture to a new generation. (Values, beliefs, customs, skills) 2) Social interaction necessary -Cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society. |
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Term
Developmental Research Designs |
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Definition
1) Longitudinal-Same group studied at different times 2) Cross-Sectional--Differing groups studied at the same time 3) Sequential--Several similar cross-sectional or longitudinal studies at varying times. |
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Term
Incomplete Dominance & Polygenic Inheritance |
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Definition
1)Incomplete Dominance -Both alleles of a single gene are expressed. Results in -combined trait or -intermediate between the two 2)Polygenic Inheritance -Many genes combine to influence a trait |
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Term
Genetic Imprinting and Mutation |
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Definition
1)Imprinting Chemical marker that activates either father's or mother's gene, often temporary. 2)Mutation -Sudden, permanent change in a DNA segment. |
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Term
Chromosomal Abnormalities |
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Definition
1)Down Syndrome -Problems with the 21st chromosome. They have good adaptive skills. |
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