Term
| Why is the new Chriopteran phylogeny controversial |
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Definition
1) Suggests that laryngeal echolocation evolved twice, once in Yangochiroptera and once in the rhinolophids
2) Proposes that laryngeal echolocation had a single origin in Chiroptera but was subsequently lost in the family Pteropodidae ( all megabats - use tongue) but later evolved as a system of tongue clicking in genus Rousettus |
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Term
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Definition
| Insectivores, the others are mostly frugivores. Few species are carnivorous, sanguinivorous, piscivorous, and nectarivorous. |
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Term
| Which family has all feeding habits? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) Propatagium
2) Plagiopatagium
3) Uropatagium
4) Calcar |
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Term
| Differences between microchiropterand and megachiropterans |
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Definition
Microchiropterans are insectivores.
Megachiropterans are mostly frugivores.
Microchiropterans use echologcation while megachiropterans do not.
Microchiropterans have a well developed tragus.
No claw on second digit for microchiropterans.
Microchiropterans have a modified cervical vertebrae, megachiropterans do not. |
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Term
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Definition
Elongation of radius, metacarpals, phalanges, and reduction of ulna.
Radius cannot rotate.
T-shaped strenum
Scapula, pectoral ring, and humerus interlock for flight.
Calcar supports the uropatagium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Finger bones more flexile because of the cartilage in their fingers lack calcium. Skin on wings are elastic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Touch sensitive receptors on surface of wing. |
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Term
| What do bats have to do for flight? |
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Definition
Reduce drag
Generate lift
Avoid Stalling |
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Term
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Definition
High = fast, low maneuverability
Low = slow,higher maneuverability |
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Term
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Definition
| Ratio of body mass to wing size. Lower = more maneuverability |
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Term
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Definition
| perpetual system where ultasonic sounds are emitted specifically to produce echoes. Compares outgoing pulse to returning echoes. |
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Term
| Echolocation discriminates what? |
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Definition
Position
Size
Texture
Movement |
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Term
| Target information obtained through echolocation |
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Definition
1) Distance
2) Absolute size
3) Elevation
4) Velocity |
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Term
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Definition
Time between sending and receiving
Use rapid FM sweeps |
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Term
| Echolocation: Absolute size |
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Definition
| Computed from pulse-echo delay (distance) and angular size (amplitude) |
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Term
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Definition
Computed from two cues:
- compares echoes received when ears moved to varous positions
- ear flaps in pinnae are opened variable |
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Term
| Bats use a modification of the ear called a _____ to improve hearing. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Computed from doppler shift of echo frequency (perception of the sound frequency shifts) |
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Term
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Definition
One breeding season.
Birth one at a time.
Three litters in a season.
Bats nurse young until adult in size. |
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Term
| _____, is when sperm are stored in the reproductive tract for several months after mating. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the limiting factor on bat population growth? |
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Definition
| The slow birth rate of bats |
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Term
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Definition
| Bat cartches prey in air. Uses uropatagium to capture insects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fly down and catch prey off the ground with their teeth. These bats don't use echolocation and rely on sounds produced y the insects. |
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Term
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Definition
Megachiropterans and microchiropterans both include species. Some bats specialize on nectar. These bats
long muzzles and long extrusible tongues
covered in fine bristles that aid them in feeding on particular flowers and plants. |
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