Term
| Gray matter is an area of ___ ____ within the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| Gray matter forms ___, ___, and ___ horns |
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Definition
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Term
| ___, ___, and ____ divisions of sensory and motor nuclei are found within the specific horns |
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Definition
| visceral, autonomic, & somatic |
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Term
| White matter is an area of ____ within the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ matter is oriented external to the ___ matter |
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Definition
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Term
| Each ascending or descending ____ (or ____) contains a specific distribution of either motor or sensory axons |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ___ contains sensory neurons only |
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Definition
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Term
| The dorsal root divides into multiple __ ___ that enter into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord gray matter |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ____ ____ is an enlarged portion of the ___ root |
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Definition
| dorsal root ganglion; dorsal |
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Term
| A _____ is an area of cell bodies outside the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ root contains the axons of motor neurons only |
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Definition
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Term
| The ventral roots arise from multiple ___ ___ that emerge from the ventral horn of the spinal cord gray matter |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ___ is formed when the ventral and dorsal root join |
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Definition
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Term
| The short spinal nerve traverses the ___ ___ of the vertebral column |
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Definition
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Term
| The spinal nerve contains _____ nerve fibers |
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Definition
| sensory and motor ("mixed spinal nerves") |
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Term
| The spinal nerve divides into a large ___ and smaller ___ |
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Definition
| ventral ramus; dorsal ramus |
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Term
| The ventral ramus supplies the anterior trunk, ___ & ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The dorsal rami supply all of the structures on the ___ |
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Definition
| back (including muscular distribution to the deep back mm and cutaneous innervation to the skin of the back) |
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Term
| ____ (or ___) form synapses between sensory and motor neurons |
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Definition
| interneurons; internuncial neurons |
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Term
| Interneurons form synapses in the __ matter of the spinal cord. Some remain there relay AP to a ____ neuron at the same level. Others can cross into the ____ matter and ___ the spinal cord |
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Definition
| gray, motor , white, ascend |
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Term
| Motor neurons have their cell bodies within the ___ matter of the spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| Order of fiber tracts, sensory |
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Definition
| dorsal & ventral rami> mixed spinal n> dorsal root ganglion> dorsal root> white matter> brain |
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Term
| Order of fiber tracts, motor |
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Definition
| brain> white matter> ventral root> mixed spinal n> ventral & dorsal rami> effector organs |
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Term
| (total & names) cervical spinal nn |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal nerve C1 emerges (above/below) Atlas |
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Definition
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Term
| Cervical spinal nerves C2-C8 arise (above/below) their corresponding cervical vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| (Total, names) thoracic spinal nn, arise (above/below) corresponding vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| (Total, name) lumbar spinal nn(above/below) corresponding vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| The roots that comprise the sacral and coccygeal spinal nn emerge from the ____ ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| (Total) sacral nn, (total) coccygeal nn |
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Definition
| 5, 1 (through sacral hiatus) |
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Term
| The spinal cord occupies the (fraction) of the vertebral canal |
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Definition
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Term
| The spinal cord extends inferiorly to the level of ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The conical shaped structure at the lower end of the spinal cord is called ____, at the level of ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Inferior to the level of L2, the vertebral canal is occupied by the (structure) |
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Definition
| cauda equina ("horse's tail") |
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Term
| The cauda equina consists of the ___ & ___ of the lower spinal nn |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___, ____,& ____ surround the brain, extend through the foramen magnum, and course inferiorly within the vertebral canal to the coccyx |
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Definition
| dura, arachnoid, and pia mater |
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Term
| The pia mater courses inferiorly from the conus medullaris as the ____ which courses through the vertebral canal and attaches inferiorly to the coccyx |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ____ anchors the spinal cord in place and prevents its distortion with movements of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| The three layers/tunics of the eye are: |
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Definition
| sclera, choroid, & retina |
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Term
| The ____ is the outer layer of the eye |
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Definition
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Term
| The outer sclera is white except for the transparent ___ (window of the eye) |
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Definition
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Term
| The middle, dark brown layer of the eye called the ___ is vascular and absorbs stray light rays |
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Definition
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Term
| Toward the front of the eye, the choroid thickens to form the ring-shaped ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The ciliary muscles of the ciliary body (perform what action) for close and distant visual acuity |
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Definition
| control the shape of the lens |
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Term
| Lens accommodation is accomplished by contraction of the ___ ___ attached to ___ ___ |
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Definition
| ciliary muscles; suspensory ligaments |
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Term
| The suspensory ligaments attach to the ___ of the lens |
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Definition
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Term
| >Contraction of the ciliary mm will result in the flattening of the ___, allowing us to focus on __ objects |
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Definition
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Term
| The choroid also gives rise to the muscular, pigmented diaphragm called the __, that regulates the size of the pupil |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ is the hole in the center of the iris through which light passes into the eyeball |
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Definition
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Term
| The cavity of the eye is divided into two smaller cavities termed the ___ & ____ ____ (or ____) |
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Definition
| anterior, posterior cavities; chambers |
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Term
| Pressure in the eyeball is maintained by the clear, gelatinous material of the ___ ___ in the posterior cavity (behind the lens, constant volume) |
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Definition
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Term
| Pressure in the eyeball is maintained by the clear, watery fluid of the ___ ___ in the anterior cavity (posterior to the cornea, anterior to lens) secreted by the ciliary bodies |
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Definition
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Term
| The inner layer of the eye (retina) contains ___ & ___ cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Rod and cone cells are called _____ cells. They react to light by hyperpolarizing and generating APs |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ are very sensitive to light, allowing for vision at low light levels and color |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ are less sensitive to light and are involved more with visual acuity |
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Definition
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Term
| The yellowish, oval depression called the ___ ___ has the highest concentration of cone cells and highest visual acuity |
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Definition
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Term
| The nn fibers from rod and cone cells converge on the ___ __ and form the optic n (CN II) |
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Definition
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Term
| The optic disc does not have ___ & ___ (Sometimes called the "___ ____" of the eye.) |
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Definition
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Term
| The outer ear consists of the ____ (external flap of cartilage and skin) and ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The middle ear begins at the ___ ___ and ends at the wall containing the __ ____ |
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Definition
| tympanic membrane; oval window |
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Term
| In the middle ear, there is a collection of small bones called |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the three ossicles of the ear |
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Definition
| malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup) |
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Term
| The (ossicle) attaches to the tympanic membrane and the (ossicle) contacts the oval window |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the inner ear's three regions |
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Definition
| vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea |
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Term
| Involved in equilibrium and balance |
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Definition
| semicircular canals (& vestibule inner ear) |
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Term
| Involved in hearing, lined with stereocilia |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ ___ extends from the middle ear to the nasopharynx |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the eustachian tube? |
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Definition
| equalization of air pressure when yawning or swallowing |
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