Term
| Anteriorly, the heart is protected by the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Laterally, the heart is protected by the ___, ____, and ____ |
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Definition
| ribs, intercostal mm, and lungs |
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Term
| Posteriorly, the heart is protected by the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A tough, connective tissue sac encasing the heart |
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Term
| The outer layer of the pericardium blends with ___ of the ___ inferiorly |
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Definition
| central tendon; diaphragm |
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Term
| The pericardium's fibrous layer blends with the ____ |
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Definition
| major blood vessels of the heart (vena cava, aorta, pulmonary trunk) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Epithelial tissue lining the internal chambers of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the base of the heart? |
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Definition
| The base is located superiorly & posteriorly |
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Term
| Where is the apex of the heart? |
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Definition
| It projects inferiorly and to the left, around the level of the left 6th costal cartilage |
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Term
| Where are the auricles located? |
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Definition
| They are appendages found attached to the lateral surface of the right and left atria |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in the internal surface area of the right and left atria |
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Term
| What parts of the body does the superior vena cava drain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two veins join to form the superior vena cava? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the aorta supply blood to? Where does it originate? |
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Definition
| >Supplies the entire body. Aortic semilunar valve |
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Term
| What are the three regions of the aorta? |
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Definition
| ascending, aortic arch, descending |
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Term
| Name the vessel that blood flows into after exiting the right ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood in the pulmonary trunk is (oxygenated/deoxygenated) |
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Definition
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Term
| The (vessel) drains the lower limb and enters the right atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| The pulmonary trunk bifurcates into the |
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Definition
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Term
| The four pulmonary veins drain into the (area of heart) |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ circulation refers to the blood supply to the myocardium |
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Definition
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Term
| The first two branches off the aorta give off the (vessels) |
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Definition
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Term
| The right coronary gives off what two branches |
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Definition
| right marginal & posterior interventricular branch |
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Term
| The right coronary artery terminates by anatastomosing with what branch of the left coronary artery |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two branches of the left coronary artery |
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Definition
| circumflex branch & left anterior descending (anterior interventricular branch) |
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Term
| The left coronary artery terminates by anatastomosing with what vessel |
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Definition
| posterior interventricular branch |
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Term
| What are the names of the veins that drain the myocardium |
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Definition
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Term
| The three major veins of the heart drain into the |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ vein courses with the L.A.D and circumflex branch and becomes the __ |
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Definition
| great cardiac; coronary sinus |
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Term
| The __ vein courses with the right marginal branch |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ vein courses with the posterior interventricular artery |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ is a short, wide vessel that receives all three cardiac veins and empties into the ___ |
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Definition
| coronary sinus; right atrium |
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Term
| The ___ veins are 2 or 3 small vessels that drain the right ventricle and end directly in the right atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ are numerous small veins that drain the myocardium and empty into all 4 chambers of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the major veins that empty into the right atrium |
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Definition
| superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus |
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Term
| The ___ is a vertical muscular ridge on the posterior wall of the right atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ are ridge-like projections of muscle in the right atrium (also found in the R & L auricles) |
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Definition
| musculi pectinati (pectinate muscle) |
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Term
| What is the partition between the right and left atria |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the depression on the interatrial septum |
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Definition
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Term
| The fossa ovalis is surrounded at its periphery by a ridge called the |
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Definition
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Term
| The fossa ovalis is the remnant of what foramen prior to birth |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two names given to the structure between the right atrium and right ventricle |
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Definition
| right atrioventricular (A.V.) valve & tricuspid valve |
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Term
| The atrioventricular valves are composed of what three parts |
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Definition
| cusps, chordae tendineae, papillary muscle |
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Term
| What are the connective tissue cords that attach to the lower surface of the AV valve cusps |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the folds of ventricular muscle that attach to the chordae tendineae |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the muscle type found in the ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
| Papillary muscle is a type of what muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| __ is a band of trabeculae carneae that attaches to the interventricular septum (with conduction nerve fibers) |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood leaves the right ventricle through the (valve) |
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Definition
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Term
| Each semilunar valve has (#) cusps |
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Definition
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Term
| __ is the small central thickening of fibrous tissue on the semilunar valves |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ is a narrow thin crescent extending from the sides of the nodule (on the semilunar valves) |
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Definition
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Term
| The space between the semilunar valve cusps and wall of the vessels are called |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is musculi pectinati found in the left atrium |
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Definition
| left auricle (the walls are smooth) |
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Term
| What and how many vessels empty into the left atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| What at the three names for the valve between the left atrium and ventricle |
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Definition
| left atrioventricular, mitral, & bicuspid valve |
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Term
| The ventricles are separated by what structure |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the thickness of the muscle wall differ between the right and left ventricle |
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Definition
| The left is twice as thick than the right |
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Term
| The opening to the aorta is guarded by the __ valve |
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Definition
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Term
| The aortic ___ are spaces between the cusps of the semilunar valve and are the origin of the __ (vessels) |
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Definition
| sinuses; R & L coronary arteries |
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Term
| Nerve impulses of the heart initiate at the __, at the base of the superior vena cava |
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Definition
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Term
| Following the SA node, nerve impulses of the heart travel to the __, in the interventricular septum |
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Definition
| atrioventricular (AV) node |
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Term
| Following the AV node, nerve impulses of the heart travel to the ___ (bundle) and __ (branches) |
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Definition
| atrioventricular (AV) bundle (of His); R & L bundle branches |
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Term
| In the conduction system of the heart, the ___ are last and radiate throughout the ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
| Parasympathetic innervation to the heart is supplied by the |
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Definition
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Term
| Release of the neurotransmitter, ___, at the SA node will decrease heart rate |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic innervation of the heart is derived from the ___, located on either side of the spinal column |
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Definition
| sympathetic chain ganglion |
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Term
| Release of the neurotransmitter, ___, directly on the myocardium of the ventricles will increase heart rate |
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Definition
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Term
| The first branch off of the aortic arch is the |
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Definition
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Term
| The brachiocephalic trunk branches into the (2 vessels) |
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Definition
| right subclavian & right common carotid arteries |
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Term
| The second branch of the aortic arch is the |
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Definition
| left common carotid artery |
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Term
| The third branch of the aortic arch is the |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood supply to the head and neck are derived from the __ & __ arteries |
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Definition
| common carotid; vertebral |
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Term
| The ___ arteries ascend through the neck posterior to the ramus of the mandible |
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Definition
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Term
| The external carotid arteries give off how many branches |
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Definition
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Term
| The internal carotid arteries enter the cranial cavity by traversing the __ |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ arteries ascend through the neck by coursing through the ___ of the cervical vertebrae |
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Definition
| vertebral; transverse foramina |
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Term
| As the __ arteries cross over the inferior border of the first rib their name becomes the ___ arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| The axillary arteries give off how many branches to the shoulder region |
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Definition
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Term
| When the axillary arteries reach the inferior border of the ___ muscle, their name changes to the __ arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the large branch of the brachial artery that courses posteriorly |
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Definition
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Term
| Where can the profunda brachii artery be seen on the cadavers |
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Definition
| Between the medial and lateral heads of triceps brachii |
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Term
| The brachial artery bifurcates in the ___ arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ artery courses along the lateral surface of the forearm |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ artery courses along the medial surface of the forearm |
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Definition
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Term
| The ulnar artery terminates in the palm by forming the ___ palmar arch |
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Definition
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Term
| The radial artery terminates in the palm by forming the ___ palmar arch |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ arteries are branches from the subclavian that course along the internal thoracic wall lateral to the sternum |
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Definition
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Term
| The internal thoracic arteries give off the __ arteries that supply the internal thoracic tissues and intercostal muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ arteries arise as small branches from the descending aorta, coursing laterally between the ribs |
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Definition
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Term
| The descending or ___ aorta enters the abdomen by traversing the ___ of the diaphragm |
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Definition
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Term
| The abdominal aorta terminates by bifurcating at the level of what vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk |
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Definition
| left gastric, splenic, & common hepatic arteries |
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Term
| What tissues do the celiac trunk supply (6) |
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Definition
| liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, stomach, duodenum |
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Term
| The __ artery arises below the celiac trunk, supplying the small intestine and part of the colon |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ arteries branch from the abdominal aorta, entering the kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ arteries are also known as the the testicular or ovarian arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ artery arises from the abdominal aorta, a few cm above its bifurcation and supplies parts of the colon |
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Definition
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Term
| The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the left and right __ |
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Definition
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Term
| The common iliac arteries bifurcate into the __ & __ |
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Definition
| internal & external iliac arteries |
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Term
| The __ arteries give off branches that supply the pelvic, genital, and gluteal regions |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ arteries are branches of the internal iliac arteries |
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Definition
| superior & inferior gluteal |
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Term
| The __ arteries course through the pelvis and pass deep to the inguinal ligament |
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Definition
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Term
| When the external iliac artery passes deep to the inguinal ligament its name becomes the __ artery |
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Definition
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Term
| About 5 cm distal to the inguinal ligament, the femoral artery gives off what branch |
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Definition
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Term
| The profunda femoral artery gives off ___ branches in the ___ muscle |
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Definition
| perforating; adductor magnus |
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Term
| The femoral artery passes posteriorly through the (opening) |
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Definition
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Term
| The area of the posterior knee is referred to as the |
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Definition
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Term
| The femoral artery changes name to the __ artery in the posterior knee |
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Definition
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Term
| From the popliteal artery, the __ artery courses through the gap above the interosseous membrane of the tibia and fibula |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior tibial artery changes its name to the ___ once it passes the medial and lateral malleolus |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ artery is a branch of the popliteal artery, supplying 6 posterior leg muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| The posterior tibial artery divides into the __ arteries, once past the flexor retinaculum |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ artery is a branch of the posterior tibial artery, supplying the ankle and heel |
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Definition
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Term
| The _ vein is a continuation of the sigmoid sinus, coursing through the neck |
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Definition
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Term
| The _ vein drains the sides of the face and neck |
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Definition
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Term
| The internal jugular veins join with the _ veins |
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Definition
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Term
| The subclavian veins join with the 2 __ veins |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ is formed from the two brachiocephalic veins |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood flow back to the heart in the lower body: ___ (from leg)> __ iliac> __ iliac> ___ (back to heart) |
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Definition
| femoral; external; common; inferior vena cava |
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Term
| The __ vein courses along the right side of the thoracic vertebrae and into the superior vena cava |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ vein courses along the left side of the vertebrae, drains into the azygos vein |
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Definition
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Term
| The superficial veins travel through the ___ tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| The small veins that drain the digits form the __ on the back of the hand |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ vein arises from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch in the forearm |
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Definition
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Term
| The cephalic vein courses along the __ groove |
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Definition
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Term
| The cephalic vein empties into the __ vein |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ vein arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch in the forearm |
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Definition
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Term
| The basilic vein joins with the brachial vein to form the__ vein |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ vein is a short vein that joins the cepahlic and basilic vein |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the clinical significance of the median cubital vein |
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Definition
| It is commonly used for drawing blood |
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Term
| The superficial veins of the foot converge to form the |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ vein arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch |
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Definition
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Term
| The greater saphenous vein empties into the ___ vein |
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Definition
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Term
| The __ vein arises from the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch |
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Definition
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Term
| The lesser saphenous vein empties into the __ vein |
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Definition
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