Term
| The ___ are three layers of tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| The outermost meninx is called the |
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Definition
| Dura Mater (tough mother), tough fibrous connective tissue |
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Term
| The ___ ____ is a fold of dura mater that courses along the midsagittal plane in the ___ ____ (separating the left and right cerebral hemispheres) |
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Definition
| falx cerebri; sagittal fissure |
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Term
| The dural fold, ___ ____, in the midsagittal plane, separates the right and left cerebellar hemispheres |
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Definition
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Term
| The dural fold, ___ ____, lies in the transverse plane in the ___ ___ separates the cerebrum and cerebellum. |
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Definition
| tentorium cerebelli; transverse fissure |
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Term
| The ___ ___ is the second meninx, deep to the dura mater with a spider web like appearance (when dry) |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ___ is the third meninx that adheres directly to the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ____ are similar to veins but lack ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The venous sinuses drain the cranial cavity of ___ ___ and used _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The venous sinuses course along the ___ margins of the ____ ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ____ sinus is located along the superior margin of the falx cerebri |
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Definition
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Term
| Deoxygenated blood flows from ____ to ____ within the superior sagittal sinus along the midsagittal plane |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ ____ sinus courses along the inferior margin of the falx cerebri |
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Definition
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Term
| The inferior sagittal sinus ends by draining into the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The straight sinus is located at the junction of the _____ & ____ (dural folds) |
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Definition
| falx cerebri; tentorium cerebelli |
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Term
| The site where the venous sinuses converge is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| The confluence of sinuses is located at the: |
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Definition
| internal occipital protuberance |
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Term
| The sinuses that join at the confluence of sinuses include: |
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Definition
| straight sinus, superior sagittal sinus, & transverse sinuses |
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Term
| The ____ sinuses are located along the external margins of the tentorium cerebelli |
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Definition
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Term
| The transverse sinuses convey deoxygenated blood from the ____ to the ____ sinuses |
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Definition
| confluence of sinuses; sigmoid |
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Term
| The ____ sinuses curve along the petrous portion of the temporal bone |
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Definition
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Term
| The sigmoid sinuses convey deoxygenated blood out of the cranial cavity through the (structure) |
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Definition
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Term
| As the sigmoid sinus drain through the jugular foramen, its name becomes: |
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Definition
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Term
| The blood supply to the cranial cavity is derived from the ____ and ___ arteries |
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Definition
| internal carotid; vertebral |
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Term
| The ____ ____ arteries ascend through the neck and enter the cranial cavity by traversing the carotid canal |
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Definition
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Term
| The vertebral arteries ascend through the neck by coursing through the ____ ___ of the cervical vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| The vertebral arteries enter the cranial cavity through the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Together, the internal carotid & vertebral arteries come together to form the (structure) |
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Definition
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Term
| C.O.W.- The posterior portion is composed of (2) ___ arteries that converge to form the ___ artery |
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Definition
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Term
| C.O.W- The basilar artery bifurcates into the left & right ___ ____ arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| C.O.W.- The ___ ___ arteries join the posterior cerebral and internal carotid arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| C.O.W.- Entering through the ____ canals, the ___ ____ arteries join with the posterior communicating arteries |
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Definition
| carotid; internal carotid |
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Term
| C.O.W.- The internal carotid arteries branch into the ___ ___ & ____ _____ arteries |
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Definition
| Middle cerebral; anterior cerebral |
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Term
| The anterior cerebral arteries are joined together by the ___ , completing the Circle of Willis |
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Definition
| Anterior communicating artery |
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Term
| The anterior cerebral aa branch from the Circle of Willis and course in the ____ fissure |
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Definition
| sagittal (longitudinal) ;(supplying anterior & superior portions of the cranial cavity) |
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Term
| The middle cerebral aa branch from the Circle of Willis and course in the ____ sulcus |
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Definition
| lateral (between the temporal & parietal lobe) |
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Term
| The posterior cerebral aa course within the ___ fissure |
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Definition
| transverse; between the cerebrum & cerebellum |
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Term
| Name the five lobes of the cerebrum: |
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Definition
| Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula |
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Term
| The frontal lobe is responsible for: |
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Definition
| Higher cognition, organizing, problem solving, & personality |
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Term
| The right parietal lobe is associated with processing: |
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Definition
| Visual & spatial information |
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Term
| The left parietal lobe is associated with processing: |
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Definition
| Spoken and written language |
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Term
| The temporal lobe (both sides) are responsible for: |
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Definition
| Processing ipsilateral auditory signals from CN VIII |
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Term
| The right temporal lobe is associated with: |
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Definition
| Visual memory (pictures and faces) |
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Term
| The left temporal lobe is associated with: |
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Definition
| Verbal memory (words and names) |
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Term
| The occipital lobe is associated with processing: |
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Definition
| Visual information from CN II |
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Term
| The insula (deep in the lateral sulcus) serves to |
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Definition
| Control primitive motor movements |
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Term
| The ____ is the largest part of the brain and consists of ___ & ___ hemispheres |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ are convolutions (bumps) of the cerebrum |
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Definition
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Term
| Gyri of the cerebrum are separated by ____ (grooves) |
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Definition
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Term
| The cerebrum has various ___ and large ___ that separate out the main lobes of the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ fissure separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres and is occupied by the ___ ____ |
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Definition
| Longitudinal (sagittal); falx cerebri |
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Term
| The ____ fissure/sulcus separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum and is occupied by the ___ ___ |
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Definition
| transverse; tentorium cerebelli |
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Term
| The ____ sulcus/fissure separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the cerebrum |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ sulcus separates the frontal from the parietal lobe |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary ____ cortex is the precentral gyrus (anterior to the central sulcus) |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary ___ cortex is the postcentral gyrus (posterior to the central sulcus) |
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Definition
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Term
| The corpus callosum contains 4 regions (anterior to posterior) |
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Definition
| rostrum, genu, trunk, splenium |
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Term
| The ____ is the most important sensory relay center of the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ process sensory information and control reflexes for chewing and swallowing |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ is an area of crossing over (desiccation) for CN II |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ are spaces within the brain responsible for the production of CSF |
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Definition
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Term
| The specialized tissue, ___ ___ , filters the CSF from the blood in the ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| glucose sugar, electrolytes, and trace elements |
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Term
| The ____ ventricles are housed in the corpus callosum and separated by the ___ ____ |
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Definition
| lateral; septum pellucidum |
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Term
| CSF in the lateral ventricles leave via the: |
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Definition
| Interventricular Foramen of Monroe |
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Term
| The interventricular foramen of Monroe drains into the ___ ventricle (between the two halves of the thalamus) |
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Definition
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Term
| CSF leaves the third ventricle by draining out through: |
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Definition
| Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius |
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Term
| The cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius drains CSF into the ___ ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| The three foramina that open in the fourth ventricle and drain CSF out into the subarachnoid space are: |
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Definition
| (1) foramen of Magendie, (2) foramina of Luschka |
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Term
| Flow of CSF (part I): L.V.s > Interventricular F. of ____> ___ V.> cerebral ___ of ____ |
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Definition
| Monroe; third; Aqueduct, Sylvius |
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Term
| Flow of CSF (part II): Fourth V.> foramen of ___ & foramina of ____> ____ space |
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Definition
| Magendie; Luschka; subarachnoid |
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Term
| The ____ connects with the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
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Definition
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Term
| The cerebellum has its right and left hemispheres separated by a median _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The outer cortex of the cerebellum contain ____ and ____ seen in cross section |
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Definition
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Term
| The cerebellum presents white matter branching in the form of a tree called the: |
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Definition
| Arbor Vitae (tree of life) |
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Term
| The cerebellum is responsible for ____ & ____ movement, regulating muscle tone, and maintaining ___ |
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Definition
| coordinating, smoothing muscle; equilibrium |
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Term
| The ____ consists of the midbrain, pons, & medulla oblongata |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ is the most primitive portion of the brain, controlling bodily functions essential to life |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ lies between the thalamus and pons, containing the ___ ____ |
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Definition
| midbrain; corpora quadrigemina |
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Term
| The corpora quadrigemina presents four elevations divided into the ___ & ___ ____ |
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Definition
| superior & inferior colliculi |
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Term
| Superior colliculi are involved in the pathway of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Inferior colliculi are involved in the pathway of: |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ act as a conduit, connecting the right & left cerebellar hemispheres |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ is responsible for relaying nerve impulses from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum |
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Definition
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Term
| The pons is also involved with coordinating ____ movements: ____ & _____ |
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Definition
| breathing; inspiration, expiration |
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Term
| The ___ ___ is part of the brainstem that is directly continuous with the spinal cord and contains ___ & ___ fiber tracts |
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Definition
| medulla oblongata; ascending, descending |
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Term
| The medulla oblongata regulates these three vital body activities: |
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Definition
| respiration, heart rate, blood pressure |
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Term
| The ____ functions in the regulation of visceral activity of the body's endocrine system |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ regulates body temperature, metabolism, sleep wake cycles, sexual activity, & emotions |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ gland sits in the sella turcica |
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Definition
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Term
| The pituitary gland secretes the following hormones: |
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Definition
| Posterior: oxytocin, vasopressin; Anterior: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, MSH, endorphins |
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Term
| The ___ gland is located along the internal surface of the brain & secretes the hormone melatonin |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ (hormone) is responsible for the regulation of the biological clock (____ ____) |
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Definition
| melatonin; Circadian rhythms |
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Term
| The ____ gland lies just below the Adam's apple in front of the larynx & trachea |
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Definition
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Term
| The thyroid will secrete ___ & ___ in reponse to the release of ___ from the anterior pituitary |
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Definition
| T3 (triiodothyronine) ,T4 (thyroxine); TSH |
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Term
| T3 & T4 are necessary for ____ & ____ development in children & ____ the rate of metabolism |
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Definition
| growth, neurological; increase |
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Term
| The thyroid gland also secretes the hormone ___ that ____ blood calcium levels |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ glands are 4 small glands attached to the posterior surface of the thyroid gland |
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Definition
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Term
| The parathryoid gland secretes ___ |
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Definition
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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Term
| Parathyroid hormone ___ blood calcium levels. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ glands are located above the kidneys & consist of an inner (____) and outer (____) |
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Definition
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Term
| In response to stress, ACTH from the anterior pituitary stimulates the ____ ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are collectively referred to as: |
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Definition
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Term
| The adrenal medulla (internal) produces ____ & _____ |
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Definition
| epinephrine & norepinephrine |
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Term
| Another name for epinephrine is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Adrenalin from the adrenal medulla ___ heart rate, ____, and _____ activity |
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Definition
| increases; respiration; metabolic |
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Term
| The _____ is an endocrine & exocrine organ |
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Definition
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Term
| As an exocrine organ, the pancreas, produces ____ ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| As an endocrine organ, the pancreas produces ____ & _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Insulin & glucagon are responsible for: |
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Definition
| maintaining blood glucose levels |
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Term
| The ovary is the female gonad responsible for the production of ___ (____) |
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Definition
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Term
| The ovaries produce the hormones ___ & ____, that stimulate the development of female reproductive organs & regulating menses |
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Definition
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Term
| The testes secrete the hormone ____ that stimulates male reproductive organ development & sperm production |
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Definition
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