What does the term

"the New South" refer to?

• the state of the South after reconstruction
• the civil war broke up what was connecting the two parts of the country

• Leader: Rutherford B. Hayes
• Marshall law thrown out
• Ends reconstruction in the South

• Socially and culturally the SAME
• Economically DIFFERENT

• White people resent the gov. being all up in their business about blacks' rights
• Race relations WAY worse after reconstruction than during slavery
• Whites blame blacks' freedom on their economic problems

Change:

• Economically
• Culturally
• Socially

• Takes place in South more than ever
• Republicans think it's a success
• North industrializing 10-15x faster than South
• State of farming/plantations not good     -losing $ on cotton

• Very popular because it is laced with cocaine AND caffiene
• Very addictive

• Steel being used for building
• cheap labor
• textile mills

• cost of fertilizer UP, cost of cotton DOWN
• Life not good for white farmers
• Even worse for black farmers
• Share cropping bad

• contribute the most to economic business and reconstruction of the Southern landscape
• connected E&W @ first, now connect N&S
• makes sure the south won't break away
• allows for development of metroplexes in the South

Social Effects of Industrialization:

Rise of an industrialized workforce

• clocking in times @ the factory for standardized pay
• white men not getting jobs because women and blacks are cheaper to pay

Social Effects of Industrialization:

Women

• Becoming more involved in society

- WCTU: Women's Christian Temperance Movement

+ no alcohol

+ didn't like their drunk husbands, so formed this league

• Women use issues from their private sphere to create a voice for themselves in a public sphere

• Newly freed blacks only had skills for farming, so they ended up back @ farms
• They couldn't buy their own land, so they  work on farmers' land and pay to borrow their tools

-farmers are assholes and add 400% interest, which leads to an unending cycle of poverty

• Series of undocumented laws of the land that allow lynching

• Herbert Spencer
• Darwin's theory of evolution applied to social ideas
• says that whites are most advanced on evolutionary scale
• perpetuates racism

• Supreme court passes law that says that races do not HAVE to integrate
• Passed originally to keep blacks safe from the whites

1. Poll taxes to keep Blacks from voting
2. Literacy tests
3. grandfather clauses prevent white people from having to pay the poll tax

• Develop their own communities that are isolated from whites

• Odelai Equiano and Venture Smith leaders of this movement
• African diaspora created by Pan-Africanism

Diaspora blacks used pan-africanism as a tool for self-legitimization to make them proud of being black

-combats the hatred for themselves that the whites have told them to have

• Want to colonize Africa using black americans

- Sierra Leone, Liberia

-Doesn't work out because Africans don't like the black Americans

• Pan-Africanism supporters
• create the "African Personality"
• talk about how rich Africa's culture and history is

• African personality movement that later inspires the negritude movement
• Arts, plays, music, poetry, writing, etc.

• 1880
• Relationship between Europeans and Africans changes from a trade relationship to imperialism
• Pan-Africanism begins to catch on because of this, but ends with the rise of the nation-state

• Booker T. Washington- 

-Born 1850s

-Born into slavery and freed after the civil war

-Wants a more passive approach

+blacks should work quietly and prove to the white people that they are civilized

W.E.B. Dubois- 

-Born in 1860s

-1st black man to get a Ph.D.

-of Haitian descent

-more radical response

+want to fight for their rights

+want rights NOW

• demanding of black rights
• Black rights organization
• made by WEB Dubois

The state of being that blacks experienced

-Being a diaspora black is both a state of being and becoming

-Don't fit in anywhere, so they have no home

• Made in response to the nation-building movement in the US that the blacks were being excluded from
• way to find an identity and claim a home

• J.D. Rockefeller
• Andrew Carnegie
• JP Morgan
• Big wigs with lots of $$$$

• No fairness in the workforce

- no child labor laws

-no safety regulations

- no anti-descrimination laws

Rockefeller:

-controlled 99% of oil in the USA

Carnegie:

-big steel owner

-greedy bastard

• No A/C
• No minimum wage
• No $$$$$$
• Kids have to work
• No trash system or sanitation
• mostly immigrants

Promotes welfare of workers

makes a UNION

• prohibits business activities that reduce competition in the marketplace and requires the government to investigate companies, and organizations suspected of being in violation.
• first Federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies

Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act

• government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit. 
• The act provided selection of government employees competitive exams, rather than ties to politicians or political affiliation.

• regulated the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices.
• railroad must be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates.

• nationwide conflict between labor unions and railroads
• 3,000 employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company began a wildcat strike in response to recent reductions in wages

•  largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 1880s

Rally in support of striking laborers

killed 7 policemen, 4 civilians