Term
| What kind of bacteria causes lyme disease? How is it transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most common causes of allergic rhinitis? |
|
Definition
pollen, mold spores, dust mites, pet dander, cigarette smoke, and cockroaches
Organic dusts, various chemicals and latex |
|
|
Term
What happens during the sensitization phase of AR?
Are there symptoms? |
|
Definition
It is the initial exposure to the allergen and you produce IgE ATB
NO SYMPTOMS |
|
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Term
| What occurs during the early phase of AR? |
|
Definition
rapid release of histamines and leukotrienes
These are the primary mediators of the allergic response |
|
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Term
| What occurs during the cellular recruitment phase of AR? |
|
Definition
| leukocytes are attracted to the area and cause the recruitment of more histamines |
|
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Term
| What occurs during the late phase of AR? |
|
Definition
| hypersecretion of mucus (congestion) |
|
|
Term
| What are some systemic symptoms of AR? |
|
Definition
| fatigue, malaise and irritability |
|
|
Term
| What are some symptoms associated with AR? |
|
Definition
| pruritis(itching), sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea (runny nose), conjuctivitis and facial features (dark circles) |
|
|
Term
| List 3 non pharmacologic approaches to treating AR |
|
Definition
avoidance of allergens,
nasal wetting agents (saline, polyethylene glycol),
nasal irrigation with warm saline |
|
|
Term
T/F
First generations antihistamines are non-selective and therefore sedating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the first line agents for the symptomatic treatment of AR? |
|
Definition
| Oral Antihistamines, H1 receptor antagonists |
|
|
Term
T/F
Oral antihistamines can be helpful for relieving nasal congestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should an oral antihistamine be discontinued if going for allergen skin testing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the minimum age for treatment with oral antihistamines? |
|
Definition
| No children under 6 b/c no conclusive studies support its use |
|
|
Term
| What is a side effect of oral antihistamines pertaining to the prostate and urine output? |
|
Definition
| May increase symptoms of urinary retention in people with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia |
|
|
Term
| What are the OTC first generation antihistamines? |
|
Definition
Diphenhydramine
Clemastine
Doxylamine
Phenyltoloxamine
Chlorpheniramine
Dexchlorpheniramine
Brompheniramine
Dexbrompheniramine
Ethylenediamines |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 classes of OTC sedating antihistamines? |
|
Definition
Ethanolamines
Alkylamines |
|
|
Term
| Which class of OTC antihistamines have the most sedating effects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the other uses for diphenhydramine, besides an antihistamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the dosing maximums for children and adults taking Benadryl?
Class? Sedating? |
|
Definition
Adults 25-50mg Q4-6hrs max 300 mg/day
children 12.5-25 mg Q4-6hrs max 150mg /day
Ethanolamine, Sedating |
|
|
Term
| Which has a longer duration of action, diphenhydramine or clemastine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Class? Sedating?
Doxylamine
Phenyltoloxamine |
|
Definition
| Both are Ethanolamines and both are sedating |
|
|
Term
T/F
Alkylamines have less sedating and anticholinergic effects than ethanolamines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonsedating antihistamines are___generation and____selective. |
|
Definition
| second generation and peripherally selective (dont penetrate CNS) |
|
|
Term
T/F
2nd generation peripherally selective antihistamines are likely to cause sedation and have anticholinergic effects |
|
Definition
FALSE
not the peripherally selective ones |
|
|
Term
| What are the nonsedating OTC antihistamines? |
|
Definition
| Loratidine & Phenindamine |
|
|
Term
| What is the OTC antihistamine of choice and why? |
|
Definition
| Loratidine because of its nonsedative and non anticholinergic effects |
|
|
Term
| What are the active ingredients in Claritin-D? |
|
Definition
| Loratidine and Pseudophedrine |
|
|
Term
What is the low sedating antihistamine?
What generation is it?
Brand Name? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the active metabolite of hydroxizine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the black box warning with the prescription drug Promethazine? |
|
Definition
| Not for use in children under 2 b/c of potential for fatal respiratory depression |
|
|
Term
What are the active metabolites of...
Loratidine
Terfenadine |
|
Definition
Loratidine-Desloratidine (clarinex)
Terfenadine- Fexofenadine (allegra) |
|
|
Term
| What is the advantage of intranasal antihistamines? |
|
Definition
| Rapid onset of action and more effective |
|
|
Term
How is Cromolyn administered?
Brand Name?
Rx needed?
Safe for pregnant women? why or why not?
Indications |
|
Definition
Intranasally
Nasalcrom
No prescription needed
Safe b/c not systemic
for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis |
|
|
Term
When should Nasalcrom be administered?
How long does it take before effective?
|
|
Definition
One week before contact with allergen
3-7 days (slow onset) |
|
|
Term
How are nasal decongestants administered?
Can they be used in combination with antihistamines? |
|
Definition
Orally and intranasally
yes |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of Nasalcrom? |
|
Definition
| it is a mast cell stabilizer (mast cells release histamines) |
|
|
Term
T/F
Ipratropium Bromide is an anticholinergic agent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most effective drgs for treating symptoms of AR? |
|
Definition
| Intranasal Corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
Intranasal Corticosteroids
Onset of Action? Maximum Effect?
ADE?
How supplied?
How often administered? |
|
Definition
within 12 hrs...max after 7 days
ususally mild, nasal dryness irritation, sore throat
metered dose pump spray
once a day |
|
|
Term
What is the leukotriene receptor antagonist used for AR?
What was it initially approved for?
How is it administered? |
|
Definition
Montelukast (Singulair)
Asthma
Oral Once daily |
|
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