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OTC Exam 1 Sun/Wound
..
61
Pharmacology
Graduate
09/19/2014

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Cards

Term
Name what UV radiation exposure ultimately leads to.
Definition
Premature skin aging
Skin Cancer
Photodermatoses
Term
What medications can cause photosensitivity?
Definition
antidepressants
antihistamines
antihypertensives
diuretics
NSAIDS
Antibiotics
Antimalarials
Term
UVA bandwidth
Causes:
Definition
320-400nm
premature aging, skin cancer
Term
UVB bandwidth
Causes:
Definition
290-320 nm
"sunburn radiation" and skin cancer
Term
UVC bandwidth
Causes:
Definition
200-290nm
germicidal band
Term
What are patient risk factors for UVR-induced problems?
Definition
Fair Skin History of sunburns
Blonde/Red Hair growths caused by exposure
melanoma in the family immunosuppressive drug use
photosensitizing drugs autoimmune disease
blue, green,gray eyes excessive exposure
Term
What are the three types of skin cancer
Definition
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Melanoma
Term
Which cancer is the most deadly of all skin cancers?
Definition
Melanoma, although it's also rare
Term
What is the most common type of skin cancer?
Definition
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Term
Melanoma ABCD-stands for?
Definition
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Term
UVR Facts:
Definition
UVR penetrates water, t-shirts, wet clothing, some car windows.
Umbrellas are NOT sufficient protection
Sunscreen eventually expires and must be reapplied regularly
Term
How to avoid Sun Damage:
Definition
Watch Global UV index daily
avoid sun exposure during high UV
Wear long sleeves, pants, SPF clothing, hats with at least a 4 inch brim
Stay in the shade.
Term
What is "SPF"?
Definition
Sun Protection Factor - the ratio of time to burn compared to unprotected skin and measures UVB, not UVA
Term
SPF 30 blocks _____% of UVB.
Definition
96.7%
Term
SPF 40 blocks _____% UVB
Definition
97.5%
Term
SPF 70 theoretically blocks ______% UVB
Definition
98.6%
Term
SPF 2-14 products and products that protect against UVB can be labeled as "broad spectrum" if:
Definition
They pass the required UVA testing
Term
What can SPF 2-14 claim and how must they label?
Definition
They claim to "help prevent" sunburn but must carry a warning "Spending time in the sun increases risk of skin cancer and early skin aging. This product prevents sunburn but not necessarily skin cancer or premature aging)
Term
SPF 15 and higher are allowed to carry what label and what claim?
Definition
May be labeled broad spectrum assuming they pass UVA UVB testing and are able to claim risk reduction for skin cancer and early skin aging
Term
Products are now limited from claiming an SPF above what?
Definition
50, they can only say "50+"
Term
What are the labeling rules for water resistance in sunscreen products?
Definition
They must put the number of minutes the product has been tested to be water resistant, either 40 or 80 minutes.
Term
Chemical Sunscreen MoA
Definition
They absorb UVR, but not necessarily above wavelength 320
Must be applied 15 - 30 minutes prior to exposure
Should not be applied to infants under six months old
Term
How do physical sunscreens work?
Definition
They scatter or reflect UVR
They absorb SOME light
They protect against all wavelengths in the visible spectrum
They may be applied just before sun exposure to provide SOME protection
Term
What is proper sunscreen application?
Definition
total ~22.5mL of average adult
(face and neck 1/2 tea)
(arms&shoulders 1/2 tea to each side of body)
(torso 1/2 tea to each front and back)
(legs and top of feet 1 tea to each side of body)
Term
Patient counseling beyond how much to apply:
Definition
Apply 15-30 minutes before exposure
Reapply after swimming, sweating, or toweling
Tan will provide SOME protection
Always apply sunscreen before insect repellants
Term
What are exclusions for sun exposure
Definition
Xeroderma pigmentosum
Allergy to all sun protecting ingredients
Under 6 months old
Term
What are signs and symptoms of a sunburn?
Definition
erythema, tenderness, pain, and swelling
blisters, fever, chills, severe burns may cause shock
Term
NonPharm Therapy for sunburns
Definition
get out of the sun
cool tap water soaks 3 to 6 times er day for 15 to 30 minutes
Term
Pharmacological Recommendations for sunburn:
Definition
Topical Protectants, Systemic Analgesics, Topical Anesthetics, OTC aloe products for relief
Term
What are examples of topical skin protectants?
Definition
allantoin, cocoa butter, white petrolatum, petrolatum, and shark liver oil (can be used PRN)
Term
What are systemic analgesics that can be used for sunburn?
Definition
APAP, NSAIDS (preferred due to prostaglandin inhibition)
Term
What are topical anesthetics used for sunburn?
Definition
"-caine" products
benzocaine
lidocaine
dibucaine
tetracaine
pramoxine
Term
For topical anesthetics, what are the restrictions for sunburn?
Definition
Use lower concentrations if skin is broken, relief is short lived, must be used on areas that total only 1-2% of BSA, should be used only 3 to 4 times per day
Term
Who should avoid aloe products?
Definition
People who are allergic to garlic, onions, tulips, and plants from the Liliaceae family
Term
Who is EXCLUDED from sunburn self care?
Definition
BSA>2% ; Burns around eyes, ears, face, hands, feet, perineum ; chemical burns ; electric, inhaled burns; advanced age; DM or other medical disorders ; immunocompromised patients.
Term
What is a stage 1 wound?
Definition
reddened but unbroken skin
Term
What is a stage 2 wound?
Definition
Blister or partial-thickness skin loss (involves epidermis and part of dermis)
Term
What is a stage 3 wound?
Definition
full-thickness skin loss, damage may be down to subcutaneous tissue; refer out for treatment
Term
What is a stage 4 wound?
Definition
Stage 3, but with underlying muscle, tendon, or bone involvement. Again REFER
Term
What are self treatment exclusions for minor wounds?
Definition
Wounds with foreign matter despite irrigation
Chronic Wounds
Wounds due to Animal or Human(which is animal) bite
Signs of Infection
Involvement of face, mucous membranes, genitals
diabetics
deep wounds (beyond dermis)
Term
Name the three stages of wound healing:
Definition
inflammatory, proliferative, then maturation
Term
What are common wound irrigants and what do they do?
Definition
Normal saline or water; Cleans wound by removing dirt and debris.
Term
Just the names of the different antiseptics.
Definition
Hydrogen peroxide 3% Ethyl alcohol 20-70%
Isopropyl alcohol 70% Iodine
Povidone-iodine Camphorated phenol
Term
Where are antiseptics supposed to be applied?
Definition
Just around the wound for disinfectant purposes to decrease infection rate
Term
Things to know about Hydrogen Peroxide 3%
Definition
effervescence due to oxygen release
DON"T use on abscesses
Wound should be dry before applying dressings
limited bactericidal affect
Term
Ethyl Alcohol Notes
Definition
Good bactericidal activity
Can irritate tissue and cause skin dehydration
wait for the alcohol to dry before applying bandages
Term
Isopropyl Alcohol Notes
Definition
STRONGER bactericidal activity than ethyl alcohol
for antiseptic use on INTACT skin
INTACT. I for isopropyl, I for intact.again...INTACT.
flammable
Term
Iodine notes
Definition
broad antimicrobial spectrum against bacteria, fungi, viri, spores, protozoa, and yeast. (apparently iodine is superman in liquid form)
Solution is better than tincture. Tinctures annoy tissues
DO NOT BANDAGE
Stains skin, irritates tissues, can cause allergic reactions. Iodine deserves your respect.
Term
What is Betadine and notes about Betadine.
Definition
Povidone-Iodine
rapid bactericidal activity
won't irritate skin or mucous membranes
can be systemically absorbed if used on open wounds
watch out-overuse can cause thyroid dysfunction and renal dysfunction.
Iodine-povidone is sinister, keep your eye on it and it works well.
Term
Camphorated Phenol; so what?
Definition
HIGH concentrations of phenol, which can be caustic when applied to wet skin, so apply only to dry skin (obviously). Don't apply bandages after using this.
Term
Who needs a first aid antibiotic?
Definition
anyone with a minor cut, wound, scrape, or burn. It prevents infection. Can be applied up to three times per day and is especially beneficial in disgustingly dirty wounds with debris.
Term
What does Bacitracin do?
Definition
stops cell-well formation in gram positive organisms
Term
Neomycin does what?
Definition
Binds to the 30s ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis in gram NEGATIVE organisms. "Negative Neomycin"
Term
What does Polymyxin B sulfate do?
Definition
alters the permeability of cell walls of gram-negative organisms. "Permeable Polly"
Term
Antimicrobial Wound Dressings are good for:
Definition
decreasing bacterial load in the wound
Term
Nonadherent Wound Dressings
Definition
Don't "adhere" to wound. Won't damage newly formed tissue
Term
Primary Wound Dressings:
Definition
Placed directly on the wound surface. Absorbs exudate (gross) and provides protection
Term
Secondary Wound Dressings;
Definition
Placed directly over "primary" dressings for additional protectiong, absorption and compression
Term
Neosporin has what active ingredients?
Definition
Bacitracin/Polymyxin B/Neomycin
Term
Neosporin Plus has what ingredients in it?
Definition
Polymyxin B/Neomycin/Pramoxine
Term
Polysporin has what ingredients in it?
Definition
Polymyxin B/Bacitracin
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