Term
Name what UV radiation exposure ultimately leads to. |
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Definition
Premature skin aging Skin Cancer Photodermatoses |
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Term
What medications can cause photosensitivity? |
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Definition
antidepressants antihistamines antihypertensives diuretics NSAIDS Antibiotics Antimalarials |
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Term
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Definition
320-400nm premature aging, skin cancer |
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Term
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Definition
290-320 nm "sunburn radiation" and skin cancer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What are patient risk factors for UVR-induced problems? |
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Definition
Fair Skin History of sunburns Blonde/Red Hair growths caused by exposure melanoma in the family immunosuppressive drug use photosensitizing drugs autoimmune disease blue, green,gray eyes excessive exposure |
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Term
What are the three types of skin cancer |
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Definition
Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Melanoma |
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Term
Which cancer is the most deadly of all skin cancers? |
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Definition
Melanoma, although it's also rare |
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Term
What is the most common type of skin cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
Melanoma ABCD-stands for? |
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Definition
Asymmetry Border Color Diameter |
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Term
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Definition
UVR penetrates water, t-shirts, wet clothing, some car windows. Umbrellas are NOT sufficient protection Sunscreen eventually expires and must be reapplied regularly |
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Term
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Definition
Watch Global UV index daily avoid sun exposure during high UV Wear long sleeves, pants, SPF clothing, hats with at least a 4 inch brim Stay in the shade. |
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Term
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Definition
Sun Protection Factor - the ratio of time to burn compared to unprotected skin and measures UVB, not UVA |
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Term
SPF 30 blocks _____% of UVB. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
SPF 70 theoretically blocks ______% UVB |
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Definition
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Term
SPF 2-14 products and products that protect against UVB can be labeled as "broad spectrum" if: |
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Definition
They pass the required UVA testing |
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Term
What can SPF 2-14 claim and how must they label? |
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Definition
They claim to "help prevent" sunburn but must carry a warning "Spending time in the sun increases risk of skin cancer and early skin aging. This product prevents sunburn but not necessarily skin cancer or premature aging) |
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Term
SPF 15 and higher are allowed to carry what label and what claim? |
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Definition
May be labeled broad spectrum assuming they pass UVA UVB testing and are able to claim risk reduction for skin cancer and early skin aging |
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Term
Products are now limited from claiming an SPF above what? |
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Definition
50, they can only say "50+" |
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Term
What are the labeling rules for water resistance in sunscreen products? |
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Definition
They must put the number of minutes the product has been tested to be water resistant, either 40 or 80 minutes. |
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Term
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Definition
They absorb UVR, but not necessarily above wavelength 320 Must be applied 15 - 30 minutes prior to exposure Should not be applied to infants under six months old |
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Term
How do physical sunscreens work? |
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Definition
They scatter or reflect UVR They absorb SOME light They protect against all wavelengths in the visible spectrum They may be applied just before sun exposure to provide SOME protection |
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Term
What is proper sunscreen application? |
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Definition
total ~22.5mL of average adult (face and neck 1/2 tea) (arms&shoulders 1/2 tea to each side of body) (torso 1/2 tea to each front and back) (legs and top of feet 1 tea to each side of body) |
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Term
Patient counseling beyond how much to apply: |
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Definition
Apply 15-30 minutes before exposure Reapply after swimming, sweating, or toweling Tan will provide SOME protection Always apply sunscreen before insect repellants |
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Term
What are exclusions for sun exposure |
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Definition
Xeroderma pigmentosum Allergy to all sun protecting ingredients Under 6 months old |
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Term
What are signs and symptoms of a sunburn? |
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Definition
erythema, tenderness, pain, and swelling blisters, fever, chills, severe burns may cause shock |
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Term
NonPharm Therapy for sunburns |
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Definition
get out of the sun cool tap water soaks 3 to 6 times er day for 15 to 30 minutes |
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Term
Pharmacological Recommendations for sunburn: |
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Definition
Topical Protectants, Systemic Analgesics, Topical Anesthetics, OTC aloe products for relief |
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Term
What are examples of topical skin protectants? |
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Definition
allantoin, cocoa butter, white petrolatum, petrolatum, and shark liver oil (can be used PRN) |
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Term
What are systemic analgesics that can be used for sunburn? |
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Definition
APAP, NSAIDS (preferred due to prostaglandin inhibition) |
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Term
What are topical anesthetics used for sunburn? |
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Definition
"-caine" products benzocaine lidocaine dibucaine tetracaine pramoxine |
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Term
For topical anesthetics, what are the restrictions for sunburn? |
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Definition
Use lower concentrations if skin is broken, relief is short lived, must be used on areas that total only 1-2% of BSA, should be used only 3 to 4 times per day |
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Term
Who should avoid aloe products? |
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Definition
People who are allergic to garlic, onions, tulips, and plants from the Liliaceae family |
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Term
Who is EXCLUDED from sunburn self care? |
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Definition
BSA>2% ; Burns around eyes, ears, face, hands, feet, perineum ; chemical burns ; electric, inhaled burns; advanced age; DM or other medical disorders ; immunocompromised patients. |
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Term
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Definition
reddened but unbroken skin |
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Term
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Definition
Blister or partial-thickness skin loss (involves epidermis and part of dermis) |
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Term
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Definition
full-thickness skin loss, damage may be down to subcutaneous tissue; refer out for treatment |
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Term
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Definition
Stage 3, but with underlying muscle, tendon, or bone involvement. Again REFER |
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Term
What are self treatment exclusions for minor wounds? |
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Definition
Wounds with foreign matter despite irrigation Chronic Wounds Wounds due to Animal or Human(which is animal) bite Signs of Infection Involvement of face, mucous membranes, genitals diabetics deep wounds (beyond dermis) |
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Term
Name the three stages of wound healing: |
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Definition
inflammatory, proliferative, then maturation |
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Term
What are common wound irrigants and what do they do? |
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Definition
Normal saline or water; Cleans wound by removing dirt and debris. |
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Term
Just the names of the different antiseptics. |
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Definition
Hydrogen peroxide 3% Ethyl alcohol 20-70% Isopropyl alcohol 70% Iodine Povidone-iodine Camphorated phenol |
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Term
Where are antiseptics supposed to be applied? |
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Definition
Just around the wound for disinfectant purposes to decrease infection rate |
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Term
Things to know about Hydrogen Peroxide 3% |
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Definition
effervescence due to oxygen release DON"T use on abscesses Wound should be dry before applying dressings limited bactericidal affect |
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Term
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Definition
Good bactericidal activity Can irritate tissue and cause skin dehydration wait for the alcohol to dry before applying bandages |
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Term
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Definition
STRONGER bactericidal activity than ethyl alcohol for antiseptic use on INTACT skin INTACT. I for isopropyl, I for intact.again...INTACT. flammable |
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Term
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Definition
broad antimicrobial spectrum against bacteria, fungi, viri, spores, protozoa, and yeast. (apparently iodine is superman in liquid form) Solution is better than tincture. Tinctures annoy tissues DO NOT BANDAGE Stains skin, irritates tissues, can cause allergic reactions. Iodine deserves your respect. |
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Term
What is Betadine and notes about Betadine. |
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Definition
Povidone-Iodine rapid bactericidal activity won't irritate skin or mucous membranes can be systemically absorbed if used on open wounds watch out-overuse can cause thyroid dysfunction and renal dysfunction. Iodine-povidone is sinister, keep your eye on it and it works well. |
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Term
Camphorated Phenol; so what? |
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Definition
HIGH concentrations of phenol, which can be caustic when applied to wet skin, so apply only to dry skin (obviously). Don't apply bandages after using this. |
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Term
Who needs a first aid antibiotic? |
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Definition
anyone with a minor cut, wound, scrape, or burn. It prevents infection. Can be applied up to three times per day and is especially beneficial in disgustingly dirty wounds with debris. |
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Term
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Definition
stops cell-well formation in gram positive organisms |
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Term
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Definition
Binds to the 30s ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis in gram NEGATIVE organisms. "Negative Neomycin" |
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Term
What does Polymyxin B sulfate do? |
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Definition
alters the permeability of cell walls of gram-negative organisms. "Permeable Polly" |
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Term
Antimicrobial Wound Dressings are good for: |
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Definition
decreasing bacterial load in the wound |
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Term
Nonadherent Wound Dressings |
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Definition
Don't "adhere" to wound. Won't damage newly formed tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Placed directly on the wound surface. Absorbs exudate (gross) and provides protection |
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Term
Secondary Wound Dressings; |
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Definition
Placed directly over "primary" dressings for additional protectiong, absorption and compression |
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Term
Neosporin has what active ingredients? |
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Definition
Bacitracin/Polymyxin B/Neomycin |
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Term
Neosporin Plus has what ingredients in it? |
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Definition
Polymyxin B/Neomycin/Pramoxine |
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Term
Polysporin has what ingredients in it? |
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Definition
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