• Definition-Inability for an individual to refrain from acting on an impulse that may be harmful to themselves or others regardless of consequences.
• 6 Total categories-Pyromania/ Fire starting. Trichotomania/ Hair pulling. Intermittent explosive disorder/ Aggressive acts of assault or destruction. Kleptomania/Stealing. Pathological gambling/ Gambling. Not otherwise specified/ Lack of impulse control, but doesn't meet criteria for the DSM 4.
• Behavior is often criminal (or can lead to criminal behavior..example- stealing to gamble).
• Treatment-Drugs, group therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy is used to help fight the urges to act on impulse.

• Disruptive behavior disorder
• One of the most common behavioral disorders in children
• Characterized by disobedient, uncooperative, negative, and oftentimes malicious behavior
• Behavior present for at least 6 months
• Treated by psychotherapy and training, but not by medication

Schizoaffective disorder exhibits psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, strange body movements) and mood disorder symptoms (depression, mania, or both).

• Very difficult to diagnose and treat.
• Life limitations include difficulty with work/school, difficulty with social contact/relationships, risk of developing substance abuse, and isolation.
• Medical interventions include antipsychotics/antidepressants/mood stabilizers, psychotherapy individual/group/family, and Cognitive behavioral therapy.
• OT Interventions include social competence training, BADLs (grooming /hygiene), IADLs (financial/home management) work (prevocational/vocational), and establishment of routines.

• Begins before age 5
• The child interacts in socially inappropriate ways, by being too withdrawn or to socially indiscriminate.
• RAD is only diagnosed when a history of pathological care is present, through physical or emotional neglect and/or numerous changes in foster care systems, preventing the child from forming attachments to caregivers.
• Developmental delays or Pervasive Developmental disorders must be ruled out before a diagnosis of RAD can be given.
• RAD is treated my educating the caregivers, monitoring the child's development and providing an emotionally available attachment figure for the child.

Eating disorder is an illness that causes disturbances to your every day diet or distress about weight or shape.

•Eating disorders include: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia and Not Otherwise Specified.

•Life limitations include weakness, fatigue, poor dental and physical health and decrease self –esteem

•General treatment includes psychotherapy, nutritional counseling and medication.

•OT treatment includes art therapy, cooking, menu planning and crafts.

-Impulse control disorder (ICD) is any disorder in which a person is not able to control the urge to do something even if the action may lead to harm.

-Most common types of ICD: Pyromania, Trichotillomania, Intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, and pathological gambling.

-Can result in tension, guilt, criminal punishment, depression, and isolation from society.

-Mental health interventions include 3 things: Psychotherapy (to help patient identify destructive behaviors), Behavioral modification (to teach the patient restrain themselves), and Pharmacology (such as antidepressants, SSRI's, and alternative therapies).

-DSM Criteria for ICD: 1. Separate incidents of failure to resist impulse. 2. Degree of aggressiveness is out of proportion to any psychosocial stressor. 3. Incidents are not caused by any other mental disorder, substance abuse, or medical condition.

• over-dramatic behaviors and attention seeking action
• will do anything to get attention
• lacks self esteem
• draws attention to feel important
• medication only treats side effects such as anxiety and depression

• Abnormal experiences or behaviors that occur during sleep
• Four Types-Nightmares, Sleep Terrors, Sleepwalking, and not otherwise specified
• Must cause significant distress and impairment of social, occupational , and other daily functions
• Cannot be attributed to substance abuse or other medical condition
• Treatment includes medications, CBT, avoiding triggers, home modifications, relaxation therapy, and parent or sleep partner education.

⎯ Distant, detached, and indifferent to social relationships, criticism and praise.

⎯Generally loners who prefer solitary activities and jobs.

⎯Often seen as odd, strange, and/or suspicious, but are typically not violent.

⎯OT intervention usually focuses on increasing general coping skills, improving social interactions, communication, and self esteem.

⎯There is not medications to treat Schizoid Personality Disorder, but can treat the symptoms such as Wellbutrin or Risperdone to increase experience with pleasure, and Zyprexa to increase flattened emotions and social problems.

• Characterized by presence of psychotic symptoms and marked decline in functioning
• Distinguished from other subtypes by delusions of persecution
• Aggressive and early treatment with antipsychotic drugs key medical intervention
• Highest potential for recovery compared to other subtypes
• Common OT interventions include cognitive behavioral coaching and social skills training

• Brain disorder that causes dramatic and unpredictable mood swings.
• Manic episode - excitement, irritability, increased energy, requires little sleep.
• Depression episode - sadness, anxiety, loss of energy, thoughts of suicide.
• Episodes are often separated by periods of normal mood.
• Severe manic episodes can lead to psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.

* Linked to a genetic predisposition

* Overindulgence/ dependence of a substance

* Persistent legal, social, and family problems

* Need for increased amounts of the substance

* More substance taken to avoid withdraw

• Fear of abandonment
• Unstable relationships characterized by altering extremes ( love-hate )
• Unstable self image or sense of self (suicide risk & self mutilation)
• Intense emotional moods and/ or response (can be paranoid)
• Impulsive and sometimes dangerous behavior (without thinking or caring )

• Marked by a person's excessive avoidance and anxiety of a fearful scenario such as crowds, open spaces, being alone, or social embarrassment; can lead to extreme avoidance/recluse
• If person is forced into the fearful scenario, intense panic attack often follows
• No known causes; considered a learned beh.
• NOT a codable disorder (may change with DSM-V); currently must be associated with panic disorder
• OT tx. = CBT and SSRIs

- Persistent pattern of antisocial behaviors that violate the rights of others

- Conduct disorders have a poor prognosis

- Conduct disorders often lead to antisocial personality and criminal behavior

- Usually have oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) beforehand

- Treatment includes working on problem-solving skills, learning positive social skills, and parent management training

   2+ separate personalities that control individuals behavior at various times

•Used as coping mechanism to escape traumatic events

•Co-morbidity is common making DID hard to diagnose

•Hypnosis & cognitive behavioral treatment most common

•Goal is to unite separate personalities into single identity

• mood disorder consisting of chronic depression
• less severe than major depression, but the affects can be more serious
• hard to diagnose and last for at least two years
• inadequate amount of certain neurological in the brain
• CBT, Psychotherapy or Sensory integration used for therapy

• Debilitating anxiety and fear arise frequently and without cause
• Constant worry about having other attacks
• Constant worry about the side effects or consequences of the attack
• Significant behavior change related to the attacks
• Uses exposure techniques and relaxation techniques along with antidepressants/antianxiety medicine for treatment

Obsessive thoughts & compulsive behaviors related to a perceived defect

Perfectionism

Inability to focus on anything other than perceived defect

Perceived defect causes clinically sufficient distress or impairment

Repetitive behaviors such as checking in mirrors or re-applying makeup

• disorder of the brain and behaviors
• consists of obsessions and compulsions
• CBT is most common therapeutic treatment
• antidepressants also used along with many other "off label" meds
• goal is to treat the symptoms not the disease itself

constant worry/anxiety for over six months

• CAN NOT have any other symptoms of other mental illness'
• treated mainly by antidepressants/anti-anxiety prescriptions

• Motoric Immobility
• Excessive Motor Activity
• Extreme Negativism
• Peculiarities of Voluntary Movement
• Stereotyped Movements, Prominent Mannerisms