Term
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Definition
Learning is influenced by person's interests age sex sociocultural factors
Attention to experience and perception of situation influence learner
Sources of motivation need to be identified
goals set by learner
individual should understand the reason
recognize current functional level
activities are just right
Experiential learning is more effective
reinforcement and feedback are important
Influenced by trial and error, imitation
frequient repetition helps
going from simple to complex
inventive solutions to problems
The environment strongly influences success
anxiety affects learning
identify conflicts and frustrations to help resolve or accommodate
continuity between planned therapeutic and real-life situations help. |
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Term
Teaching Methods
Demonstration and performance |
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Definition
| Therapist perform task, individual imitates IE: shows one handed techniques |
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Term
Teaching Method
Exploration and discovery |
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Definition
| Use a diversity of activities and individual chooses and tries activity without special instruction IE: expressive art group |
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Term
Teaching Method
Explanation and discussion |
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Definition
| Verbal explanation is given with discussion to plan or review activity IE: vocational group, steps explained for job application and what happened during interview. |
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Term
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Definition
| OT and individual assume roles and act out |
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Term
Teaching Method
Simulation |
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Definition
| Individual acts out using simulation |
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Term
Teaching method
Problem solving |
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Definition
| Teaching a person to analyze, define, outline, select, implement solution, and evaluate outcome, etc. |
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Term
Teaching method
Audiovisual aids |
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Definition
| Use of slides, videos, or audio cassettes, IE: relaxation video for person with anxiety |
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Term
Teaching method
Behavioral management |
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Definition
| Identify behaviors that are negative, Implement structured program to facilitate desired change |
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Term
Teaching methods
Consumer family caregiver education |
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Definition
Organized systematic approach to formally present information
IE: nature of illness, etc. interventions, etc.
Maintenance of roles and occupational performance emphasized
Methods for prevention are provided
Community resources and supportive services are explored with appropriate referrals made. |
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Term
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Definition
mental processes therapist uses when thinking about individual, disability and personal, social, and cultural meanings the individual gives to the disability, uniqueness of situation and him/herself.
Improves clinical decision-making through self-conscious relection
Improves ability to explain rationales behind decisions
Improves job satisfaction by making them aware of the complexity of their work, and value of their practice. |
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Term
| Procedural reasoning/scientific reasoning |
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Definition
identifys OT problems, goal setting treatment planning
Implementing treatment strategies via systemativ gathering and interpreting of client data
Doing of practice
Reasoning documented for reimbursement purposes. |
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Term
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Definition
How disability affects the person
Focus on client as person
Therapeutic relationship between both
How motivational issues affect client's performance
Congruent with OT philosophy of caring |
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Term
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Definition
Focuses on process of change and individuals' story
Identifies activities and roles prior to injury
Analyzes what valued activities individual can perform now
Explore valued activities and roles possible in future
Asks what roles and activities person would choose
Neglects larger practice area issues, reimbursement, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Considers context of OT's thinking
Mental activities are shaped by situation
Considers treatment environment and OT values, knowledge, etc.
Focuses on tx. within setting
Reframes understanding of practical constraints on OT practice
Provide quality care within contextual issues |
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Term
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Definition
| Ongoing revision of treatment Focus on current and possible future social contexts Represents an integration of procedural, pragmatic, interation in context of client's narrative Requires multidimensional thinking. |
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Term
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Definition
Conscious, planned use of one's personality, unique characteristics, perceptions and insights during the therapeutic process
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Term
| Purposes of therapeutic use of self |
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Definition
Provide reassurance
give advice
alleviate anxiety and fear
obtain needed information
improve maintain function
promote growth and development
increase coping skills |
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Term
| Characteristcs of therapeutic use of self |
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Definition
Perception of uniqueness of each person
respect dignity and rights of each person
empathy to share experiences
Compassion to be kind and want to alleviate pain
Humility
Uncondtional positive regard, non judgemental
Honesty
Relaxed manner
Flexbil n behavior and crcumstances
Selfawareness to know assests and limitation
Humor used approprately |
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Term
| Issues that affect therapeutic relationships |
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Definition
Negatve atttudes, fear, hostlity
Resistance to establishng report
Communcation difficulties wth verbaland nonverbal, psychatrc symptoms, culture, class, misinterpretatons,
Dependency and
Transference (therapist is responded to as a parent) and countertransference (therapist assumes parental role), Difficulty expressing feelngs,
Over involvement,
Difficulty wih style,
Supervision and support |
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Term
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Definition
Forces that influence small groups, relationshps, events and outcomes.
It is examined accordng to the group's structure, content and process. |
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Term
| Group development - Stage of it. |
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Definition
Origin- planning, members, location
Orientation - Learn wat group is, making connections, group commitment
Intermediate - Members developing bonds, group norms and roles, wth goal-drected activities
Conflict - members challenge process which results in resolution or not
Cohesion - members regrouping after conflict leads to stability
Maturation - Members are productive to achieve group goals
Termination - Dissolution of group for a variety of reasons (planned, conflict, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
Instrumental - Roles that are functiona nd assumed (initiator, organizer)
Expressve - roles that maintain group (encourager, compromiser)
Individual - roles that are dysfunctional (aggressor, blocker) |
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Term
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Definition
Behavior that is considered appropriate and acceptable.
They can be:
Negative behavior
Verbalized or non-verbalized
Changed
Therapeutic norms - encourage each other, reinforcement of importance, establish safety and support, maintain confidentiality, and high regard for each other |
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Term
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Definition
Desired outcomes by all members
Provide a focus
Members have individual goals that they can achieve within the overall group
Benefits member participation, understanding, and appreciation |
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Term
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Definition
effective communication is a prerequisite, takes place simultaneously, is monolgue, criticism, order, questions, answers, giveandtake, clarifys goals, shares ideas, experiences and feeling.
Maladaptive communication seeks control and avoidance of issues or people |
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Term
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Definition
Sense of we
Interaction among members
Complementariness in member caracteristics
Democratic leadership and member cooperation |
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Term
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Definition
Unanimous decision
Consensus
Majority rule
Compromise |
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Term
Group leadership styles
Directive, Facilitative, and Advisory |
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Definition
Directive - therapist takes role in planning structuring
Used when members' conitive, social, verbal are limited
Usually parallel or project level groups
Facilitative - shared responsibility for group process
Levels include ego-centric, cooperative
Leaders goal is to have members acquire skills through experience
Leader can act as facilitator
Advisoary - therapist acts as resource to the members
Used with Mature groups
Members perform all aspects seeking therapist advice
Therapists acts as advisor |
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Term
| Medicare indicators for group membership |
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Definition
Individuals will:
Engage willingly
Attend group according to guidelines
Actively participate
Benefit from group leadership and membership
Respond appropriately
Incorporate feedback
Complete activities toward goal
Attain greater benefit that 1-1 |
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Term
| Medicare criteria for group leadership |
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Definition
The leader:
Provides active leadership
Instructs members
Monitors and documents participation and RTI
Provides individualized guidance and feedback
Documents person's progress toward goals |
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Term
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Definition
Two or more therapists leading
Advantages: different styles, more support, increase observtions, share knowledge, model behaviors.
Disadvantages: splitting leaders, competition, unequal responsibilities. |
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Term
| Curative factors of groups - Yalom |
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Definition
Altruism - giving on oneself
Catharsis - expression of feelings
Universality - recognizing individual problems and shared feelings
Existential - Responsibility comes from within
Famil reenactment
Guidance
Identification
Instillation of hope
Interpersonal learning
Conscious understanding of factors involved in groups |
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Term
Taxonomy of activity Groups -
Mosey (1996) |
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Definition
Evaluation
Thematic
Topical
Task-oriented
Developmental
Instrumental |
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Term
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Definition
Purpose to enable client and therapist to assess skills, assets and limitations
To accurately evaluate individuals functional abilities
Type of client: all individuals
Role of Therapist: Selects and orients clients, selects activities, does not participate or intervene, asks for input, establishes tx. and goals,
Should be completed in one session. |
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Term
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Definition
Purpose to assist member in acquiring skills, knowledge and attitudes for specific activity
Learning is facilitated by practice and experience
Must have a parallel group skill level and minimum group interaction skills
Role of therapist: Selcts, structures and grades activities, interventions vary according to levels
Could be highly structured or just supportive, only interfere if conflicts interfere with activity.
Simulated activities like a cooking group |
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Term
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Definition
Purpose is to discuss activities already engaged in outside of group
IE: Parenting group, discharge planning group.
Discussion facilitates skill acquisition
Individuals must be at ego-centric-cooperative skill level, they share similiar functioning, can problem solve
Therapists: Facilitates group, helps problem-slve, give feedback support, act as role model.
discussion includes talking about fears, coping mechanisms, may have homeword. |
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Term
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Definition
Purpose to increase clients' awareness of needs
To improve psychic functioning developing a group activity
Activities elicit feelings, thoughts, members can explore fellings, and increase self-awareness and practice new behaviors.
Individuals whose primary dsfunction is in cognitive and socioemotional secondary to trauma.
Role of therapists: Initially very active, assists with activity selection, facilitates discussion, given support, encourages, and reassures that the task is a means to the end for the bigger picture.
The activities are a mean to study understand and practice behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
Continuum of groups including: parallel, project, cgocentric-cooperative, cooperative,, and mature.
Purpose is to teach members group interaction skills.
Parallel - to perform tasks with others, does not require interaction. for completion, develop basic trust with others. Leader provides positive regard, actively fills all functions, reinforces behavior, facilitates interation. Members perform activity independently but with others, activities are similar and should be relevant.
Project - To perform shared activity cooperative, develop interactions with others.Leadership can be shared, encourages members and reinforces cooperation and interactions. Participation of 2 or more people, task is short-term, shareable and group interaction is emphasized.
Egocentric-cooperative - Enable members to select and complete activity and meet their needs and others. Leader is is less of a leader, facilitates others to lead, provides guidelines, serves as a role model. Allows 5-10 people to work together and is longer-term more than 2 mtgs.
Cooperative - Engage in activity with free expression, develop trust and cohesion, and meet socio-emotional needs. Leader is an advisor and he/she and members are mutually responsible. Activities allow free expression and activity is secondary.
Mature - Members assume all roles and members reinforce behaviors to be satisfied and complete task. Leaders act as peers, members assume all roles. Activity requires people to work together and complete end product and can explore what is going on during the group process. |
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Term
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Definition
Purpose is help members function at highest level and meet mental health needs.
Assume individuals are at highest level and prevent regression.
Individuals have demonstrated inability to change or need assistance due to cognitive, psychological, social or percept-motor deficits.
Role of therapist: provide structure and safety, select and design activities, assist as needed, and make no attempt to change client
Members should complete activities and maintain function, have fun, and meet their needs. |
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Term
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Definition
Evaluate functional capabilities
analyze what parts of an activity could be changed
Identify what functional aids can be used to complete activity |
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Term
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Definition
What aspects of performance can be changed
identify performal skill deficit requiring intervention
upgrade or downgrade complexity |
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