Term
| Osmoregulation: what is it? |
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Definition
-Influx and outflux of water
-Removal of nitrogenous waste: poisonous byproducts of protein/nucleic acid metabolism
-Often requires water |
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flatworms (phylum Platyhdminthes)
-flame bulbs cap the branches of each protonephridium
-lacks a coelom
-low solute concentration urine to help balance osmotic uptake of water from environment |
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annelids such as earthworms
-open internall to the coelom
-each segment of worm has pair of metanephridia and enveloped by a capillary network
-urine is dilute to help with the uptake of water from the damp environment |
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insects and other terrestrial arthropods
-extend from tips immersed in hemolymp h and open to digestive tract
-active transport of salts into tubulue and water follows
-rectal glands use active transport to move sodium and other solutes out and water follows
-key here: conserve water! |
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Definition
| an electrolyte disturbance (disturbance of the salts in the blood) in which the sodium concentration in the plasma is lower than normal |
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hypoosmotic regulators
-since the water around is hypoosmotic --> loses water by osmosis
-drinks sea water to make up for loss and gills and kidney's rid of salt
-gills actively transport chlorine out and sodium follows
-little water is lost |
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hyperosmotic regulators
-problem: gain water by osmosis, lose water by diffusion
-drink almost no water and excrete large amounts of very dilute water
-active absorption of salt, water follows |
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| functional unit of the kidney |
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| converging capillaries that form as they leave the glomerulus |
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| supplies nephron with blood |
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Term
| From Blood Filtrate to Urine |
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Definition
-Salt is actively transported out of filtrate to interstitial fluid, chlorine and water follows
-Down loops of Henle: water channels allow transport of water, interstitial fluid is hyperosmotic as filtrate descends
-ascending loop of henle: there are ion channels but not water channels, NaCl leaves tubule to maintain osmolarity
-Distal Tube: Potassium screted into filtrate and NaCl is let out of filtrate
Collecting Duct: water and some urea diffuse out (it all varies due to hormones though) |
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