Term
| anterior longitudinal ligament (attachments, function) |
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Definition
- attachments- adjacent anterior vertebral bodies and discs
- function- resist hyperextension
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Term
| posterior longitudinal ligament (attachments, clinical importance, function, continues superiorly as what structure) |
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Definition
- attachments- adjacent posterior vertebral bodies and discs (full length of spine)
- function- limits hyperflexion
- clinical application- disc herniates around ligament
- tectorial membrane is the superior continuation
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Term
| ligamentum flavum (attachment, clinical application) |
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Definition
- attachments- anterior lamina to post. lamina
- clinical application- in DDD, undergo hypertrophy leading to nerve root impingement
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Term
| anterior approach to cervical spine- indications, internervous plane, dangers |
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Definition
- indications- ACDF
- internervous plane
- superficial- platysma
- middle- SCM, omohyoid
- longus coli muscles (R and L)
- dangers
- recurrent laryngeal N.
- sympathetic N.
- carotid sheath and contents- carotid A, IJV, vagus N.
- inferior thyroid artery
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Term
| Layers of spinal cord (outside to inside) |
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Definition
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
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Term
| Denis three columns of spine stability |
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Definition
- Anterior column
- ALL
- anterior 2/3 of vertebral body and annulus
- Middle column
- PLL
- posterior 1/3 of vertebral body and annulus
- Posterior column
- pedicles
- facets
- ligamentum flavum
- spinous process
- PLC
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Term
| The ligaments of the spine are composed of what type of collagen? Which ligament is the one exception |
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Definition
- type one collagen
- except ligamentum flavum (mostly elastin)
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Term
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Definition
- supraspinous ligament
- intraspinous ligament
- ligamentum flavum
- facet capsule
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Term
| Dermatomes of cervical spine |
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Definition
- C5- lateral arm below deltoid
- C6- thumb, radial head
- C7- fingers 2, 3, and 4
- C8- finger 5
- T1- medial elbow
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Term
| Myotomes of the cervical spine |
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Definition
- C5- deltoid, biceps (shoulder abduction, elbow flexion in supination)
- C6- brachioradialis, ECRL (elbow flexion in pronation, wrist extension)
- C7- triceps, FCR (elbow extension, wrist flexion)
- C8- FDS, EPL (finger flexion, hand grip, thumb extension)
- T1- interossei (finger abduction)
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Term
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Definition
- C5- biceps
- C6- brachioradialis
- C7- triceps
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Term
| Dermatomes of lumbar spine |
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Definition
- L1- iliac crest, groin
- L2, L3- anterior and inner thigh
- L4- lateral thigh, anterior knee, medial leg
- L5- lateral leg, dorsum of foot
- S1- posterior leg
- S2- platar aspect of foot
- S3, S4- perianal
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Term
| Myotomes of the lumbar spine |
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Definition
- L2, L3- iliopsoas, hip abductors (hip flexion, abduction)
- L4- quadriceps (knee extension)
- L5- TA, TP, EHL, EDL, hamstrings, glut max, glut med (ankle DF, foot inversion, toe DF, hip extension, hip abduction)
- S1- gastroc-soleus, peroneals (ankle PF, foot eversion)
- S2- FHL, FDL (toe PF)
- S3, S4- bowel/bladder function
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Term
| Reflexes of L1, L4 and S1 |
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Definition
- L1- cremaster
- L4- patella tendon
- S1- Achilles tendon
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