• origin- coracoid process
• insertion- mid shaft of humerus
• innerv- musculocutaneous N.
• action- flex, adduct arm 

• origin- distal ant. humerus
• insertion- ulnar tuberosity (prox ulna)
• innervation- musculocut. N. (med) and radial N. (lat)
• action- flex at elbow

split in ant. surgical approach

• origin
• long head- supraglenoid tubercle
• short head- coracoid process
• insertion- radial tuberosity (prx radius)
• innerv- musculocut N.
• action- supinate and flex forearm 

• corachobrachialis
• short head of biceps brachii 

• origin
• long head- infraglenoid tubercle
• lat. head- post prox humerus
• med. head- post distal humerus
• insertion- olecrenon
• innervation- radial N.
• action- extend elbow 

• capitellum (age 2)
• radial head (age 5)
• med. epicondyle (age 5)
• trochlea (age 9)
• olecronon (age 10)
• lat. epicondyle (age 13)

• mechanism of injury- fall onto outstretched hand, fall from height leading to impaction with capitellum
• pure axial load
• posteriorlat. rotary force
• Monteggia fx or post. olecrenon fx/disloc
• associated injuries- ligamentous structures of elbow

• correction of any bloc to forearm rotation
• early range of elbow and forearm motion
• stability of the forearm and elbow
• limitation of potential for ulnar-humeral and radiocapitellar arthrosis 

• contracture secondary to prolonged immobilization
• posttraumatic radio-capitellar OA
• CRPS
• missed fx-dislocation 

• ant. bundle
• inf med. epicondyle to med. coronoid process
• function- Resist valgus stress
• post bundle
• med epicondyle to sigmoid notch
• function- resist valgus stress in flexion
• transverse bundle
• med olecranon to inf. med coronoid
• function- stabilize greater sigmoid notch

• function- varus restraint, stabilize annular ligament
• composition
• lateral ulnar collateral ligament
• lat. epicondyle to supinator crest of ulna
• function- butress to radial head sublux
• accessory lateral collateral ligament
• annular ligament to supinator crest
• function- stabilize annular ligament during varus stress
• annular ligament
• ant. and post portions of sigmoid notch
• function- allow radial head rotation; stretched or torn in radial head sublux or dislocation

• ant. lat. ulna to ant. radial neck (under annular ligament)
• function- stabilizes PRUJ

• common flexors
  • pronator teres
  • FCR
  • palmaris longus
  • FDS
  • FDP

• common extensors
  • anconeus
  • ECRB
  • ECRL
  • EDC
  • EDM
  • ECU

• Components
  • anterior bundle of UCL (strongest 0-60 flexion)
  • posterior bundle (strongest 60-120 flexion)
  • transverse bundle (Cooper ligament)
• primary static stabilizer in valgus stress

• Components
  • LUCL
  • annular ligament
  • quadrate 
  • oblique cord
• deficiency leads to posterolateral rotatory instability 

• ligament of Struthers
• pronator teres
• FDS aponeurosis 
• bicepital aponeurosis
• accessory head of FPL
• carpal tunel

• arcade of Struthers
• medial IM septum
• cubital tunnel
• medial epicondyle 
• two heads of FCU
• anconeus epirochlearis
• Guyon's canal

• fibrous bands at elbow joint
• recurrent leash of Henry
• ECRB
• arcade of Froshe
• supinator