Term
Anterior Innominat
aka
Mazion Pelvic Maneuver |
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Definition
Instruct: Pt standing. Dr instructs pt to advance one leg forward and bend forward at the waist to touch advanced toes.
Positives: Inability to bend at waist more than 45 degrees, because of either/or
1 - radiating pain along the sciatic nerve, either unilateral or bilateral
2 - low back pain (lumbar or pelvic region)
Indicates: 1 - sciatic neuralgia or radiculopathy, etc., possibly due to lumbar disc pathology
2 - anterior (rotational) displacement of the ilium relative to the sacrum |
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Dr instructs patient to bend forward at waist with knees slightly flexed. Dr brings one knee, the other and both into complete extension.
Positives: Radiating pain down the leg causing flexion of the pt's knee or knees
Indicates: Gluteal, lumbosacral or sacroiliac pathologies
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Pt walks on heels
Positives: Inability to perform test
Indicates: L4-L5 disc problem (L5 nerve root)
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Pt walks on toes
Positives: Inability to perform test
Indicates: L5-S1 disc problem (S1 nerve root)
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Term
Ely Heel to Buttock Test
aka
Ely Sign (Evans) |
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Definition
Instruct: Pt prone, Dr flexes knee of pt's affected leg to 90°, then approximates heel to contralateral buttock while hyperextending thigh off the table
Positives: 1 - inability to raise thigh
2 - pain in the anterior thigh
3 - pain in the lumbar region
Indicates: 1 - iliopsoas spasm
2 - inflammation of lumbar nerve roots
3 - lumbar nerve root adhesions
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Term
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Definition
Disc: L3
Muscles: Foot Dorsiflex/inversion: Tibialis anterior (deep peroneal nerve)
Reflex: Patellar Tendon
Sensation: Medial aspect of leg, medial foot and medial aspect of big toe |
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Term
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Definition
Disc: L4
Muscles: Foot Dorsiflexion: Tibialis Anterior & Extensor Hallucis Longus (deep peroneal nerve)
Big toe Dorsiflexion: extensor hallucis longus (deep peroneal nerve)
Toes 2, 3, 4 Dorsiflexion: extensor digitorum longus & brevis (deep peroneal nerve)
Hip and Pelvis ABduction: gluteus medius and minimus (superior gluteal nerve)
Reflex: NONE
Sensation: Lateral leg, dorsum foot, middle three toes |
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Term
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Definition
Disc: L5
Muscles: Foot Plantarflexion: Gastrocnemius and Soleus (tibial nerve)
Foot Plantarflexion/Eversion: Peroneus longus & brevis (superficial peroneal nerve)
Hip Extension: gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal nerve)
Reflex: Achilles
Sensation: Post. aspect leg, lateral foot, lateral little toe |
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Term
Bony Palpation
Hip and Pelvis |
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Definition
Anterior: ASIS
Iliac crest
Iliac tubercle
Greater trochanter
Posterior: PSIS
Ischial tuberosity
Coccyx |
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Term
Soft Tissue Palpation
Hip and Pelvis |
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Definition
Femoral Triangle
-Inguinal Ligament
-Adductor longus
-Sartorius
Quadriceps muscles
-Rectus femoris
-Vastus intermedius
-Vastus medialis
-Vastus lateralis
Greater Trochanteric Bursa
Cluneal Nerves
Gluteus medius & maximus
Sciatic Nerve
Hamstrings (Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus) |
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Pt supine, Dr measures from ASIS to medial malleoli, umbilicus to medial malleoli
Positives: TRUE: different measurements from ASIS
APParent: different measurements from umbilicus
Indicates: TRUE - bony abnormality above or below level of trochanter difference (anatomical short leg)
APParent - pelvic obliquity (tilted pelvis)
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Term
Allis Sign
aka
Galeazzi Sign |
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Definition
Instruct: Pt supine, Dr instructs pt to place feet flat and together on bench while flexing knees to 90°
Positives: Difference in height and anteriority of knees
Indicates: 1 - If one knee if LOWER=ipsilateral congenital hip dislocation or TIBIAL discrepancy(anatomical short leg)
2 - If one knee is anterior=ipsilateral congenital hip dislocation or femoral discrepancy(contralateral anatomical short leg)
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Pt supine, Dr instructs pt to approximate each knee one at a time to chest and hold
Positives: Lumbar spine maintains lordosis (should flatten) and opposite hip does not straighten
Indicates: Contracture of the hip flexors (iliopsoas)
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Pt supine, Dr elevates the affected leg while keeping knee extended, Dr strikes, while heel of hand, inferior aspect of pt's calcaneus
Positives: Localized pain in long bone or in hip joint
Indicates: Possible fracture of long bones or hip joint pathology
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Term
Patrick Test
aka
FABERE Sign |
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Definition
Instruct: Pt supine, Dr flexes, abducts and ext. rotates pt's hip so ankle rests above/below contralateral knee (make a figure 4). Dr extends hip by pushing superior to knee while stabilizing contralateral ASIS
Positives: Pain in the hip region
Indicates: Hip joint pathology
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Term
Laguerre Test
(FABERE in the air) |
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Definition
Instruct: Pt supine, Dr flexes, ext. rotates hip and abducts thigh (make a figure 4 in the air). Dr applies pressure superior to knee, stabilizing contralateral ASIS
Positives: 1 - Pain in the hip joint
2 - Pain in the sacroiliac joint
Indicates: 1 - Hip joint pathology
2 - Mechanical problem of the sacroiliac joint
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Pt supine, affected SI joint on edge of table. Pt approximates unaffected knee to chest while Dr extends thigh below edge of the table
Positives: Pain on the affected SI joint stressed into extension
Indicates: General sacroiliac joint lesion, anterior sacroiliac ligament sprain, inflammation of the SI joint
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Pt lying on unaffected side, inf. leg flexed. Dr brings superior leg into extension while stabilizing SI joint
Positives: Pain on the side of extension
Indicates: General sacroiliac joint lesion, anterior sacroiliac ligament sprain, inflammation of the SI joint
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Pt prone, Dr stabilizes pelvis on near side while flexing contralateral knee to 90°. Dr maximally flexes knee and internally roates thigh (pushing lateral on leg)
Positive: 1 - Pain in the hip region
2 - Pain in the button/pelvic region
Indicates: 1 - Hip joint pathology
2 - Sacroiliac joint lesion |
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Pt on side, Dr flexes affected knee while abducting and extending hip
Positive: Affected thigh remains in abduction (normal biomechanics the thigh will adduct)
Indicates: Contraction of the iliotibial band or tensor fascia lata (usually secondary to synovitis of the hip, secondary to trauma of the gluteus medius and maximus)
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Term
Pelvis Rock Test
aka
Iliac Compression Test |
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Definition
Instruct: Pt on side, Dr places both hands on lateral portion of pt's ilium (between crest and greater troch). Dr pushes downward (lateral and medial) on pt's ilium
Positive: Pain in either sacroiliac joint
Indicates: Sacroiliac joint lesion
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Pt prone, Dr takes heel of affected leg and approximates to ipsilateral buttock while stabilizing pelvis
Positive: Pain in the buttock and/or pain in the lumbar region
Indicates: Sacroiliac joint lesion, or lumbar pathology
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Pt prone, Dr flexes pt's leg to ipsilateral buttock and extends thigh
Positive: Pain deep in the SI joint
Indicates: Sprain of the anterior sacroiliac ligaments
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Term
Ely Sign
aka
Ely Test (Cipriano) |
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Definition
Instruct: Pt prone, Dr flexes pt's knee toward ipsilateral buttock
Positive: Hip on side being tested will flex causing the buttock to raise off the table
Indicates: Rectus femoris or hip flexor contracture
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Term
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Definition
Instruct: Pt stands on foot of involved side, observe level of hips
Positive: High iliac crest on supported side and low crest on side of elevated leg
Indicates: Weak gluteus medius muscle on the supported side
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Term
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Definition
-Patella
-Tibial tubercle
-Medial Tibial plateau (ext. rot. foot)
-Lateral tibial plateau (int. rot. foot)
-Medial femoral condyle (flex knee)
-Lateral femoral condyle (flex knee)
-Fibula head (passively flex foot for movement)* |
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