Term
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Definition
| Base of beak to tip (measured for length in the field) |
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Definition
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Definition
| slits that you can see all the way through |
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Definition
| nostrils that you can not see all the way through |
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Definition
| nostrils on top of beak that filter out salt in most sea birds |
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Term
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Definition
| fleshy structure at base of bill ( best seen in parrots, raptors and doves) |
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Definition
| flap that cover nostrils, mostly in water birds |
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Definition
| first digit of the foot and usually points backwards |
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Term
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Definition
most common toe arrangement (perching birds)
2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits forward and first digit backwards |
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Term
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Definition
| looks like anisodactyl but the second and third digit are fused together to a certain point |
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Definition
| 2nd most common toe arangement in perching birds ( osprey , owls, and woodpeckers) looks like an X starting bottom left 1,2,3,4 |
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Term
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Definition
| Only in Trogons looks like zygodactyl with the X shape but starting bottom right, 1,2,3,4 |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st and 4th digits can pivot to form X or all 4 digits face forward |
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Term
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Definition
| having only two digits (ostrich) |
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Definition
| having 3 digits (sanderlings) |
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Definition
| heavy claws and strong digits |
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Definition
| small webbing partway up digits ( grouse) |
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Term
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Definition
| all four digits are webbed fully (pelicans) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd, third, and fourth digits are webbed (ducks and geese) |
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Term
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Definition
| edges with loves of skin that expand and contract as the bird swims (grebes) |
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Term
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Definition
| do not have barbicels, soft downy feathers (for insulation) and small or no rachis (stem) |
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Term
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Definition
| firm and blade like with barbs |
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Term
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Definition
| are all pennaceous feathers on the bird |
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Term
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Definition
| flight feathers of wing; primaries are asymetrical |
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Term
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Definition
| flight feathers of the tail |
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Term
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Definition
| feathers that have a rachis but no barbicels |
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Term
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Definition
| insulation (plummulaceous feathers) |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory feathers; used to monitor position of flight feathers (abundant in wings) |
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Term
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Definition
| stiff tapering feathers with large rachis but few barbs, can be found around the eyes and bill and may be used for sensory |
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Term
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Definition
| region of head posterior to forehead |
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Term
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Definition
| stripe of feathers above the eye along the side of the head |
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Definition
| protective third eyelid; function is to protect eye |
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Term
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Definition
| 2-4 concentric bands of feathers that surround the eyelids |
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Definition
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Definition
| lateral area of the head just posterior to the bill and anterior to nasal canthus of the eye ( where you eye socket is in humans) |
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Definition
| patch that extends posteriorly and ventrally from mandubulas ramus (the cheek of the bird) |
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Definition
| ventral region of the neck |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| overlies pelvic bone on ventral side with flanks on either side of it |
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Definition
| middle of the trunk of the bird ( chest ) |
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Term
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Definition
| on trunk next to the wing |
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Term
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Definition
| outside of breast ( sides of trunk near the feet ) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| large stiff feather of a birds tail |
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Term
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Definition
| covers other feathers on underside of tail |
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Term
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Definition
| covers feathers on the top side of the tail |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| shield the bases of primaries |
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Definition
| feathers that attach to the ulna |
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Term
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Definition
| cover the secondary feathers |
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Term
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Definition
| inner row of feathers on the wing ( close to body ) |
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Definition
| shoulder part of the wing on the ventral side |
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Term
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Definition
| corresponds to the thumb of the bird |
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Term
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Definition
| covers feathers on the underside of the wing |
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Term
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Definition
| skin underneath the scapulars makes up the leading edge of the wing. |
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Definition
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Definition
| projections from shaft made of ramus, barbules and barbicels |
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Definition
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Definition
| contains hooks (barbicels) that hook barbs together |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| feather tracts ( where feathers attach ) |
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Term
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Definition
| featherless area, may allow for heat loss or cleanliness (vulture head) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| back to basic plumage from breeding |
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Term
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Definition
| just before breeding season |
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Term
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Definition
| all feathers replaced all at once (ducks and swans) |
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Term
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Definition
| two colors for one breed male usually brightly colord female stays the same |
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Term
| reverse sexual dichromatism |
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Definition
| female is the one that changes male stays the same |
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Term
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Definition
| happens in one individual to adapt to changes in the environment (arctic birds) |
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Term
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Definition
| plumage and posture that mimics environment |
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Term
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Definition
| found in penguins, top dark bottom light to make it harder to see from above and bellow |
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Term
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Definition
| disrupts the outline or contour of body |
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Term
| Blues and greens in feather color |
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Definition
| structual colors made from reflection of light |
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Term
| red and yellows in feather color |
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Definition
| from carotenoid in diet of bird |
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Term
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Definition
| lower quality portion of a feather that shows stress |
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Term
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Definition
high energetic demand favors rapid digestion
High metabolic rates, flight, Rapid digestion reduces mass compared to starage of energy |
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Term
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Definition
expansion of esophagus
food storage
Bigger in foliovores and herbivores |
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Term
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Definition
Secreted from lining in pingeons, doves and flamingoes
It is regurgitated to young birds |
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Term
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Definition
Just below the crop
glandular stomach which is most similar to our stomach
good for digesting fish and meat |
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Term
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Definition
Place where food is "chewed" has a muscular structure filled with pebbles and grit to break down food further
Seed eaters have large gizzards
frugivores have small gizzards |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pancreatic enzymes and bile enter here |
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Term
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Definition
| house bacteria to break down cellulos |
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Term
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Definition
Single opening
used for waste and reproductive functions |
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Term
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Definition
Large 4-chambered heart
familair to human heart but oxygenated blood on left side.\
Ventricles empty and fill more completely and have thinner muscle fibers with more motochondria
high blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
One way
Need 2 breaths for air to move through body which creates a constant cycle of air. |
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Term
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Definition
Breath 1: Inhalation, Air goes into posterior air sacs
Exhalation, Air goes into lungs
Breath 2: Inhalation: Air goes from lungs to anterior sacs. Exhalation, Air leaves body |
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Term
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Definition
Create one way system
Not much gas exchange
Protect organs
Connect to skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
Birds lack a diaphragm
Movement of sternum forces air into body which causes the air sack to expand or contract. |
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Term
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Definition
| helps pump air during flight |
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Term
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Definition
Reproductive and excretory systems
Less water needed than for urea
Single opening for waste excretion and reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| used to excrete Nitorgenous waste |
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Term
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Definition
enlarge in breeding season
500 times bigger than non breeding season |
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Term
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Definition
| usually have one ovary on the left side |
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