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Definition
| Expose, seize, kill, and prepare for swallowing. See handout for some beaks. Also grooming, waterproofing, courtship |
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| found in many birds such as finches and grosbeaks. It is a strong beak used for cracking seeds. |
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| Thin, slender pointed beaks |
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Definition
| found mainly in insect eaters. They are used to pick insects off leaves, twigs, and bark. This warbler is a good example. |
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Definition
| have strong beaks which taper to the tip, forming a chisel for pecking holes in trees for food or nests. Most feed on insects which live under the bark. |
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Definition
| have long, tubular bills that resemble straws, which they use to sip nectar from flowers. |
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Definition
| specialized for eating fish, have sharp tooth-like structures on the edge of the bill to hold fish tightly. |
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| Hawks, owls, and other birds of prey which catch and kill live prey |
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Definition
| have sharp, "hooked" beaks. These are used to bite the skull or neck and also to tear the body into pieces small enough to swallow. |
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Definition
| The edges of a Mallard's bill are fringed to strain plants, seeds, and small animals from mud and water. |
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Term
| Beaks which are flat and wide at the base |
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Definition
| found in birds which catch insects in flight, such as flycatchers. These birds also often have whiskers at the corners of the mouth, which effectively widens the mouth opening, allowing more effective capture of prey. |
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Term
| Uses for the tongue for hummers and sunbirds |
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Definition
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| Use for the tongue in flamingos, shovelers, and other ducks |
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Definition
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| Uses of the tongue in woodpeckers |
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Definition
sticky barbs to get grubs and other insect materials
Hyoid process
Not only does the tongue coil inside the process, there are also bones which help the constant head jarring associated with pecking. |
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Term
| Uses of the tongue in parrots |
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Definition
| fleshy ones to manipulate food |
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Term
| Uses of tongue in penguins and mergansers |
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Definition
| have barbs on theirs to keep prey from escaping |
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Definition
| in most birds these provide lubrication. Abundant in seed-eaters. |
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Definition
| use the saliva to cement their nests(made up of twigs) to hollow tree walls, chimneys, air shafts etc. Asian swiflets nest provide the main ingredient for bird’s nest soup. Millions of nests of the Edible Swiftlet are used by the Chinese every year. |
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Definition
| most marine birds have them- To remove salt from the blood and expel it in the form of a highly concentrated droplet. Brown pelicans, albatrosses, cormorants, shearwaters, petrels . No passerine birds have them. |
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| Another name for marine birds |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Very similar to a human-extends from pharynx to stomach usually provided with mucous glands. Birds that swallow prey item whole have large distensible esophagus. On herons, cormorants, etc swallowing a fish or a kingfisher. People have seen a fish tail sticking out while the head is already in the stomach. In birds like the pelican and anhinga, the young stick their heads into the mback area of the mouth to eat material regurgitated by the adult. |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary storage area[expanded area of esophagus], it allows birds to eat fast in areas that predators might be. Most of our gallinaceous birds (grouse, turkeys, pheasants etc),pigeons, hoatzins, parrots. For hoatzins which eat leaves, as they are stored here, bacteria begin to decompose the vegetation. Seed eaters like goldfinch, crossbills and finches store partially digested sees before regurgitating them for their nestlings |
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Term
| Crop milk and clutch size in mourning doves |
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Definition
Doves are unique among birds in producing crop milk and in having adeterminate clutch size of l-2 eggs.
Crop milk is produced by both males and females. Crop milk is rich in proteins and
lipids and contains an uncharacterized growth-promoting factor .
The two exceptional features of columbid reproductive biology, a clutch
size of one or two (depending upon the species) and crop-milk production. |
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Term
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Definition
The glands here
enzymes to predigest or soften food produce or to dissolve bones rapidly
in fish eaters. Petrels store oil by-products to feed young or spew out to discourage predators. Highly developed in fish eaters and raptors.
grebes, some sea gulls, kingfishers, owls, herons, shrike etc regurgitate
pellets that contain exoskeletons of insects, bones, claws, fur, teeth, even bird bands that were indigestible. Grebes often swallow feathers to trap bones and other indigestible material. |
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Term
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Definition
Seed eaters. Analogous to molars in mammals. Grinding of seeds etc. Birds can often be seen selecting small pieces of gravel from
a road edge, sand beach, etc. This is one reason why you feed caged birds gravel. |
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Definition
| chief organ for digestion and absorption. Receives bile and pancreatic secretions. |
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Definition
| large in pheasants, grouse, ostrich, cranes, hoatzins. Quite small in most birds. Water is absorped here; protein is digested here; bacterial decomposition of cellulose in crude fibrous material. |
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Term
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Definition
divided into two regions- anterior receives waste from the small intestine. 11. discharge from the kidneys into this area and
12. discharge of sperm or egg(vas deferens or oviduct) 13. is the rear end or vent.
14. is the cloaca. (latin meaning sewer |
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Term
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Definition
| is the region where sperm is deposited. For most birds, birds simply rub their cloacas together and sperm is ‘hopefull’ transferred. This is often called a cloacal kiss. This often is very short in duration. The male usually mounts the female while she is standing. Few birds have an erectile, penislike organ. The list includes tinamous, most waterfowl, curassows, and ostriches. Chickens and turkeys have a small penis. An ostrich can be as long as 20 centimeters. To date, there is only one known passerine bird with a penis( 115 millimeters)- White Billed Buffalo Weaver. |
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