Term
| what are the ventral regions |
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Definition
throat (upper foreneck, gular region)
jugulum
Breast (chest, pectoral region)
Abdomen (belly)
Crural feathers
Side (flank)
Axillary region
Flank
Undertail covent (crissum, circumcloacal region)
Anal pteryla (cloacal circlet) |
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Term
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Definition
Nape (upper hindneck, nuchal region)
Back (interscapular region, dorsum)
Scapulars (humeral region)
Rump (uropygium, uropygial region, lower back)
Upper tail coverts |
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Term
| Do birds share a homologous skeletal plan with all other tetrapods? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are 3 principal adaptions for flight in the skeleton, and they are? |
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Definition
| rigidity reduction redistribution of mass and limb modification |
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Term
rigidity of skeleton means what
and the most dramatic rigidity is where |
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Definition
extension fusion that are light and strong in the thorax and pelvis
bones are fused and overlap for a platform where flight muscles can attach the hand is rigid and fused too. |
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Term
| what is the part of the hand of the bird that is rigid and supports the primary flight feathers at the tips of the wing. |
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Definition
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Term
| (what you buy as buffalo wings ) carpometacarpus |
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Definition
The ___________is the fusion of the carpal and metacarpal bone, essentially a single fused bone between the wrist and the knuckles. It is a smallish bone in most birds, generally flattened and with a large hole in the middle.
It forms the tip of the wing skeleton in birds. To it, most of the primary remiges attach. The alula, by contrast, is formed by the thumb, which does not completely fuse with the other hand-bones. Likewise, the tipmost primaries attach to the phalanx bones. |
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Term
| reduction and redistribution of the bird skeleton |
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Definition
| great fusion of bones and lack of other elements and dramatic re-shaping of others light head, no teeth, hollow bones with air sacs, a keel on the sternum and fucula (wishbone clavicle that acts like a spring) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| top of head, like a laid back forehead |
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Term
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Definition
| further back from the frontal and before the occipital |
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Term
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Definition
| the 1st vertebrae of the cervical vertebrae |
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Term
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Definition
| the 2nd vertebrae of the cervical vertebrae |
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Term
| how many cervical vertebrae are there? |
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Definition
| ranges from 13 to 25 the 1st is the Atlas and the 2nd is the Axis |
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Term
Thoracic Vertebrae
Thoracic Bone |
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Definition
5 vertebrae each supporting a rib
all fused together to for the
Thoracic bone |
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Term
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Definition
7 lumbar (sacral) vertebrae
and the 1st 6 caudal vertebrae
that are fused together and call the synsacrum.
sacral and 6 caudal fused = synsacrum |
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Term
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Definition
6 free caudal vertebrae and the pygostyle (pope's nose)
pygostyle =flat lade of several fused caudal vertebrae - the primary support of the tail feathers |
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Term
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Definition
The most distinctive region
allows for appendicular rotation and bracing against flight muscles
composed of coracoid, scapula, clavicle, triosseal canal, glenoid fossa |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the pectoral girdle and the largest bone of the shoulder joint nearly vertical between the coracoid facets of the sternum and the shoulder joint..the largest bone of the shoulder joint |
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Term
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Definition
| long blade like bone from the shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
| the wish bone 2 song thin bones that are the furula of the breast act like a spring on the upstroke of powered flight |
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Term
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Definition
| begins as a small vertical groove on the medial surface of the coracoid .. it allow the tendon of the suprcoracoideus breast muscle pectoralis minor ot ass up along the inner surface of coracoid over the top of the scapula and shoulder joint and out onto the upper surface of the humerous formed by 3 bones = the coracoid, scapula and clavical |
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Term
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Definition
cup shaped depress formed by the scapula and coracoid
the proximal end of thehumerus fits into this depression making a flexible ball and socket joint that allows a great degree of appendicular rotation |
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Term
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Definition
modifications of the forelimbs = humerus, radius, ulna,
carpals (wrist), metacarpals, and phalanges (digits) |
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Term
| Wing bone modification of ulna |
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Definition
| Ulna curved, posterior forearm with quill knobs along posterior margin.. attachment sites for secondary flight feathers |
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Term
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Definition
| wrist bone modifications the only 2 free carpals in the wrist of a bird |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st, 2nd, 3rd metacarpals fused into a single blade-like structure |
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Term
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Definition
| Phlanges for 3 digits digits 1,2,3 |
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Term
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Definition
| small notch in the upper end of the coracoid near the humerus and scapula is critical to functioning of the wing in flight it forms the pulley that allow the supracoracoideus muscle of the breast to pass a tendon up and over the shoulder joint and onto the upper surface of the humerus. so a muscle below the wing is able to rais the wing in flight |
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Term
| how can you tell the glenoid fossa from the trioseal canal ? |
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Definition
The trioseal is a canal and the glenoid fossa is a depression
" fossa " = ditch or trench.. a depression or hollow |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 bones the ilium ischium and pubis there is nearly complete fusion with each other and the elements of the synsacrum. |
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Term
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Definition
| the fused ilium and ischium are sometime called the innominate bone |
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Term
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Definition
| is the articulation point for the femur of the leg |
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Term
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Definition
| opening in the ischium just posterior to the acetabulum |
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Term
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Definition
| smaller opening posterior to the acetabulum at the top of the pubis below the ischiadic foramen |
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Term
| what is in the middle between the two sides of the ischium? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is above the ischium? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is above the ischium? |
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Definition
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