1. internally rotates the arm

2. extends the arm (from a flexed position)

1. lesser tubercle of the humerus

2. lower part of the capsule of the shoulder joint

no direct action

assists to stabilize the scapula

1. medial portion of the clavicle

2. sternum at costal cartilages

1. adducts the arm

2. internally rotates the arm

3. flexes the shoulder (from an extended position)

1. clavicular portion: lateral pectoral

2. sternal portion: medial pectoral

1. depresses the scapula

2. downwardly rotates the scapula

1. flexes the shoulder

2. assists to adduct the humerus

1. long head: supraglenoid tubercle and glenohumeral labrum

2. short head: coracoid process

1. flexes the elbow (when supinated)

2. supinates the forearm from neutral

3. flexes shoulder (weak)

1. ulnar tuberosity

2. coronoid process

long head: infraglenoid tubercle

lateral head: upper half of the posterior humerus

medial head: lower 1/4th of posterior humerus

1. long head: extends the elbow & shoulder

2. lateral head: elbow extension

3. medial head: elbow extension

1. elbow extension

2. supports the elbow when in full extension

1. humeral head: upper portion of medial epicondyle via the CFT

2. ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna

pronator tuberosity of radius

(rough area for pronator teres)

1. pronates forearm

2. weakly flexes elbow

1. flexes wrist

2. radial deviation

1. humeral head: medial epicondyle via CFT

2. ulnar head: upper portion of the posterior ulna

1. pisiform & hamate bones

2. base of the 5th metacarpal

1. flexes wrist

2. ulnar deviation

1. humeral-ulnar head: medial epicondyle via CFT

2. radial head: oblique line of radius

distal phalanx of medial 4 digits

(through the FDS tunnel)

medial portion: ulnar

lateral portion: median