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| The principal church of a bishop's diocese, containing the Episcopal throne. |
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| the area occupied by the singers of a church; the part of the chancel between sanctuary and nave |
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| In church architecture, the crossing arm that bisects the nave near the apse and gives the characteristic cruciform shape to the floor plan. |
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| A four-cornered unit of architectural space, often used to identify a section of the nave in a Romanesque or Gothic church |
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| A large circular window, made of stained glass and held together with lead and carved stones set in patterns, or tracery, and located over an entrance in a Gothic cathedral. |
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| a sacred object venerated because of its association to a martyr or saint; a container for the preservation of the relics of a saint |
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| style of architecture, originating in France in the middle of the 12th century and existing in the western half of Europe through the middle of the 16th century, characterized by the use of the pointed arch and the ribbed vault, by the use of fine woodwork and stonework, by a progressive lightening of structure, and by the use of such features as flying buttresses, ornamental gables, crockets, and foils. |
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| a form of religious life; usually conducted in a community under a common rule and characterized by celibacy and poverty and obedience |
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| the superior of an abbey of monks. Considered to take the place of God; therefore, monks must answer to him. |
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| A style of monophonic church music sung in unison and without instrumental accompaniment and used in the liturgy; named for Pope Gregory I (590-604). |
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| gave remission of punishment for sin |
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| a prayer-book dedicated to the Virgin Mary; based on the canonical hours—matins, lauds, prime, tierce, sext, nones, vespers, and compline; a kind of breviary (monastic prayer-book) for the private devotions of laymen and laywomen |
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| a script developed from various precursors but established in the court of Charlemagne and became a standard form of script over much of Western Europe |
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| A person who held land from a feudal lord and received protection in return for homage and allegiance |
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| from the early Middle Ages these schools were run by the cathedral clergy. Typically having fewer than 100 students; they generally functioned as seminaries to train future priest, but later accepted lay students |
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| 1066- the king of England died in 1066 so Duke William from Normandy invaded England (which had been ruled by an Anglo-Saxon monarchy) to claim the throne; at the Battle of Hastings, William conquered the Anglo-Saxon contender, Harold, and became king of England; for the rest of the High Middle Ages, England was ruled by Norman kings and their French successors |
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| 1348-49- the plague; more than a third of Europe’s seventy million people died in the first epidemic alone; 3 forms: bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic; cast a long shadow over the Late Middle Ages; the age’s leading image became the Dance of Death; compounded by growing famine conditions, famines weakened the populace and made them more susceptible to diseases |
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| the English reform movement spread from his teachings; he was an Oxford teacher whose message attracted both nobility and common folk; wished to purify the church of worldliness so he urged the abolition of ecclesiastical property, the subservience of the church to the state, and the denial of papal authority; the most lasting achievement of Wycliffe’s movement was the introduction of the first complete English-language Bible, produced by scholars inspired by his teaching |
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| an epic poem written between 11th and 14th century in Old French celebrating deeds of heroic or historical figures |
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| Einhard, Life of Charlemagne |
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| Einhard was a monk and Frankish historian who dedicated his life to serving Charlemagne; the story praised the life of Charlemagne |
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| Bernard of Angers, "The Miracles of St. Foy" |
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| St. Foy was a 12 year old girl who was killed during the Persecution of Diocletion, she was martyred in 322, her relics now reside in Conques, France |
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