Term
| What were the unique conditions on early earth? |
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Definition
| Shallow seas, primitive athmosphere (formed of N2, CO2, H2, CO, and water vapor), little oxygen in atmosphere, many storms and volcanoes (abundant energy) |
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Term
| Why was little oxygen gas a good thing? |
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Definition
| O2 is corrosive, it takes electrons from other molecules and breaks bonds. because of this, the atmosphere was reducing (atoms that would give electrons to O2 instead form molecules) this could spontaniously generate organic molecules. |
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Term
| What is the one testable hypothesis for the origin of life? |
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Definition
| That the conditions on early earth could have generated a collection of organic molecules that in turn could have given rise to live. This could not happen today because of the O2 rich atmosphere. |
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Term
| What are the four steps of life developement? |
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Definition
1. Organic monomers formed from inorganic molecules
2. Polymers form from monomers
3. Self replication of polymers (RNA and polypeptides) RNA serves as both catalyst and genetic info.
4. Molecular co-ops are surrounded by phospholipid bilayer and can form some life functions. |
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Term
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Definition
-Miller & Urey produced amino acids from their experiment
-Recent experiments have made amino acids, RNA, and DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
Hot clay particles increase ions
Charges concentrate monomers
Monomers must be concentrated for polymerization |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA can serve as catalyst for replicating the polypeptides and also has information on how to replicate the polypeptides. also is able to catalyze synthesizing more RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| in the shallow seas the RNA-protein co-ops could be surrounded by membrane. this would give it a better chance to replicate (co-ops can undergo evolution) |
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Term
| What characteristics of life did these co-ops have? |
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Definition
| self-replicating chemical system that is able to undergo evolution and exchange with its environment. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Ancestor prokaryote anaerobic (does not use 02 for cell respiration) infolding of its plasma membrane, pinched off and caused internal membranes which resulted in the nuclear envelope, the golgi, and the ER.
2. Ancestor prokaryote w/ internal membranes engulf an aerobic prokaryote
3. Some early eukaryotes engulfed a photosynthetic bacteria |
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Term
| the amount of O2 in the atmosphere due to photosynthesis caused many organisms to die out except... |
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Definition
| those organisms that had absorbed aerobic cell. |
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Term
| what evidence is there that mitochondria were originally aerobic organisms that were engulfed and that cloroplasts were originally photosynthetic organisms that were engulfed? |
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Definition
| Both have DNA and ribosomes that are similar to prokaryotes, Both replicate individually of cell division, Both have double membranes, only some have chloroplasts, and ATP is a modified version of a nucleotide |
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