Term
| Demographic characteristics (External Forces for Change) |
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Definition
| aging & increasingly diversified customers |
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Term
| Technological advancements (External Forces for Change) |
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Definition
| computing & wireless technology, more organizations now connect more fully w/ customers |
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Term
| Customer & market changes (External Forces for Change) |
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Definition
| social media gives customers platform |
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Term
| Social & political pressures (External Forces for Change) |
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Definition
| customers more interested in environmentally safe, ethical products & companies |
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Term
| Management change (Internal Forces for Change) |
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Definition
| new leaders bring new ideas & cultural changes |
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Term
| Organizational restructuring (Internal Forces for Change) |
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Definition
| customization vs. standardization, functional vs. geopgraphic |
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Term
| Intrapreneurship (Internal Forces for Change) |
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Definition
| encourage employees to come up w/ new ideas & ways to do things |
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Term
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Definition
| provided team processes allow for exchange of ideas & open communication |
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Term
| UNFREEZE (Kurt Lewin's Change Process) |
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Definition
-explain rationale for change
-break down status quo, challenge existing beliefs
-understanding how new path is essential for survival |
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Term
| CHANGE (Kurt Lewin's Change Process) |
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Definition
-make peace w/ doubts & uncertainties
-identifying & managing sources of resistance
-building support & commitment for new direction
-measuring progress against milestones |
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Term
| REFREEZE (Kurt Lewin's Change Process) |
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Definition
-institutionalizing change into the "way things are done"
-help ppl internalize change
-making sure other systems in the organization support the change effort
-preparing for next change |
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Term
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Definition
(Similar to the stages of grief)
-Denial
-Anger
-Depression
-Acceptance |
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Term
| Desire (WHy do ppl resist change?) |
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Definition
-inherent dislike of the new direction
-potential losses exceed gains
-low trust in change agent
-group inertia |
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Term
| Ability (WHy do ppl resist change?) |
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Definition
- lack of understanding & trust
-lack of key skills & capabilities
-too little time or energy
-selective info processing |
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Term
| Opportunity (WHy do ppl resist change?) |
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Definition
-economic factors
-structural inertia
-existing routines impede
-conflicting goals across roles
-powerful others who act as obstacles |
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Term
| Change itself (WHy do ppl resist change?) |
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Definition
-forces of habit
-self-interest or fear of loss
-fear of the unknown |
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Term
| Education (Methods of Managing Resistance) |
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Definition
-communicating info
-providing training |
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Term
| Participation ((Methods of Managing Resistance) |
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Definition
-input into planning
-involvement in implementation |
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Term
| Negotiation (Methods of Managing Resistance) |
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Definition
-most helpful when employees feel they have something to lose
-emphasize/increase gains
-deemphasize/reduce losses |
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Term
| Facilitation (Methods of Managing Resistance) |
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Definition
-providing resources (e.g., money, time)
-removing obstacls |
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Term
| Manipulation (Methods of Managing Resistance) |
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Definition
-token involvement of sr. executive
-provide partial information |
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Term
| Coercion (Methods of Managing Resistance) |
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Definition
-used most often in crisis when leader needs everyone on board quickly
-punishments
-threatened or real job losses |
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