Getting things done through other people (Parent of everything)

Planning and organizing personal time and resources

The study of people in organizations (people side of business)

What are the five steps of the planning process? 

1. Scan the environment (look at, examine)

            2. Forecast future events

            3. Make decisions

            4. Write the plan

            5. Set goals and standards

What are the three steps of organizing? Define or describe each one.

1. Job design

            2. Departmentation: placing jobs in to logical groups, for departments

            3. Complete the companies structure by drawing lines of authority and responsibility

Human Resource Management (staff)

Attaining and preparing the needed workers

What are the major “tools” of actuating, or ways to improve individual performance? 

1. Teaching

  2. Motivation

   3. Leadership

          4. Communication

            5. Working with teams and groups

What are the four steps of the control process?

1. Know the standard

    2. Measure performance

                   3. Make a comparison (standard vs. performance)

4. Make a decision

What are the duties of top level managers?

-Scan the environment

            -Create strategies (long-term plans)

            -Create policies ( sweeping general guidelines)

            -Make the big decisions

            -Set the tone for the company

What are the duties of middle level managers? Why have there been layoffs of these types of managers in the early 1990s?

-Translate: turn idea into action

            -Transition: Turn general (Ideas) in to specific

            -Information: Pass along

            -Make decisions

            -Create functional area polices: translates a policy to a functional area (ex:Mountain dew)

What are the duties of first line supervisors?

-Direct specific operational tasks (how to do a refund)

            -Enforce procedures (task instructions: how to close the store)

            -Enforcing rules (do’s and don’ts at work)

            -Train and socialize new employees

            -Make decisions

            -Prepare to advance

What “roles” are played by the CEO, according the Henry Mintzberg?    

-Interpersonal Roles

                        1. figure head-ceremonial (10yrs teaching=pen from president

2. leader

                       3. liason (ex: golf, tennis)

-Informational Roles

                1. monitor-collector

                                 2. disseminator: make sure info gets where it needs

            3. spokesperson

-Decisional Roles

              1. Entrepreneur

                        2. Disturbance handler

                      3. Resource allocator

            4. Negotiator

What are the dates, assumption, and theme of the Classical School?

-Dates: (1776) 1880s to 1920s

            -Assumption: Demand > Supply

            -Theme: Concerned for production

What are Taylor’s four principles of Scientific Management?

1. Work should be analyzed scientifically

            2. Workers should be selected scientifically

            3. Cooperation between workers and managers

            4. Shared responsibility for outcomes

What are the two major applications of Taylor’s principles of Scientific Management?

1. (1903) Henry Ford

     -assembly line

            2. Differential piece rate pay

                                -set a quota: as you produce more your rate goes up

Besides Frederick W. Taylor, name 4 authors from the Classical School, and their major works.

1. Adam Smith

                                -Wrote book: The Wealth of Nations (1776)

                                     -suggest that demand > supply

  2. Henry Towne

                                   -Wrote article: The engineer as economist (1886)

                              -field of management began

3. Henri Fayol

                                -14 principles of management

            4. Harrington Emerson

                                   -applied engineering principles to management

What are the dates, assumption and theme of the NeoClassical School?

-Dates: 1920s- 1960

            -Assumption: Supply > demand (Hard sell era)

            -Theme: Concern for people

What were the findings from the Hawthorne Lighting Studies? Who conducted the studies?

-Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger

            -4 findings

                        1. Lighting does not increase productivity

                        2. Hawthorne effect: being nice to workers increases productivity

                        3. Presence of informal groups and group norms

                        4. Should not treat people like machines

What were the four key ideas from the Modern School which we described?

1. Systems Approach

                        -Organizations constantly change

                                    _Mechanical, biological, social

                                 -Biological analogies

                        _2 dominant in field

                                        1. Life Cycles

                                                2. Natural selection

        2. Contingency Approach

                             -There is no one best way to manage

       -If -> Then

                        3. Specialization of the field (Splintering)

                4. Integration of outside disciplines

Name the semi-controllable forces in the external environment and the tactics management can use to influence them in return. 

Forces                                            Means of Influence

Customers/Retailers      Prices, Promotions, Product, Place

Suppliers                                                Bargaining

Local Community          Public Relations, human resource policies                                                                                      Creditors                      Record-keeping, account location

Unions                                       HR policies, bargaining

Stockholders                                        Dividend policies, record-keeping

Name the ways government influences business

1. Through laws, regulations and regulatory agencies

2. Through courts and court decisions    

-Courts affect business by:

                1. How the courts define liability

                  2. Through the size of judgments

                       3. Court actions on behalf of employee(s) groups.

        4. Taxation and tax policy

           5. Gov’t subsidies and loans

                       6. Through Gov’t competition with private enterprise

                  7. Through Gov’t intrusion in to the economy

-2 ways

                                    1. Activities of the federal reserve board

                                       2. Deficit spending or surplus

Name the social forces that influence business.

1. Demographics: population characteristics

            2. Cultural/Subcultural trends: gender roles

            3. Level of education: Education=Expecatation

Name the ways economic forces influence business.

-Gross National/Gross Domestic Product

            -Inflation rate

            -Levels of employment

            -Levels of unemployment

            -Price and availability of raw materials

Name the ways technology influences business.

1. Creates new industries

            2. Creates new products

            3. Creates product improvements

            4. Changes methods of production

            5. Changes jobs

Describe the ways in which competitive forces affect planning.

1. Product vs. Product

            2. Company vs. Company

            3. Industry vs. Industry

Describe the stakeholder approach to understanding the organization’s environment.

-A person or a group with invested interest in a firms operations

                        1. The relative importance of stakeholders varies

                        2. The means of influence of stakeholders varies

                        3. Stakeholders push and pull against the organization for resources,                          position and power