Term
Self Concept:
Socrates: The unexamined life is not worth living.
Shakespeare: To thine own self be true
Sun Tzu: Knowing self/enemy... chances vitory. |
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Definition
Socrates: How can you evolve if you don't reflect.
Shakespeare: Be true to yourself; you can fool others, but don't lie to yourself; don't rationalize a bad decision
Sun Tzu: You have to know your weakness since your enemy does |
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Term
| Self-Esteem vs Self-Efficiency |
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Definition
Self-Esteem - like/dislike for self; high/low belief in self
Self-Efficiency - Belief in one's ability to perform a task |
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Term
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Definition
ability to understand/adapt one's behavior
it's important to adapt, but don't come off as a flip;flopper |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical and mental characteristics; pattern of interaction with others |
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Term
| How is personality determined? (Hereditary vs Environment vs situation) |
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Definition
Hereditary (Nature): behavior is genetically pre-determined
Environment (Nurture): behavior=F(culture,experience) also behavior='group'(social identity theory)
Situation (contingency): behavior changes in different situations |
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Term
Big Five Model
1) Extroversion
2) Agreeable
3) Conscientiousness
4) Emotional Stability
5) Openness to Experience |
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Definition
Big Five Model
1) Extroversion: outgoing/sociable/ assertiveness; Hi performance in management
2) Agreeable: Trusting/Coopertive; Hi performance in teamwork
3) Conscientiousness: Dependable, responsible; Hi performance/Integrity tests
4) Emotional Stability: Relaxed, secure
5) Openness to Experience: Intellectual, curious, broad-minded |
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Term
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Definition
| Fate is controlled by self (internal); others (externals) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pragmatism, little emotion, ends justify the means |
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Term
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Definition
| Willingness to take chances; using less information in less time |
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Term
| Tolerance for Ambiguity (Novelty, Complexity, Insolubility) |
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Definition
Novelty: New/unfamiliar info
Complexity: multiple/ divergent info
Insolubility: little/hidden info |
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Term
| Ability vs Values (intellectual vs physical) |
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Definition
Intellectual: many dimensions; issues of IQ, EQ, and BFOQ (Bonafied Occupation Qualification)
Physical: many dimensions, issues of disparate impact, BFOQ |
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Term
| Values (terminal vs instrumental) |
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Definition
Terminal: ends - what you want
Instrumental: means - how you want to get it |
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Term
| Issue of EQ (vs IQ) - Emotional Intelligence; Personal and Social Dimensions |
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Definition
Personal (Insight) and Social (Empathy)
Self Awareness Social Awareness
Self Management Relationship Management |
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Term
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Definition
1) Just in your mind
2) Just you (no one else is bothered |
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Term
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Definition
| A dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he/she desires (potential stress)... and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important. |
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Term
| What are the three sources of stress? |
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Definition
Environment Macro: Political, Technological, Social, Economical,
Organizational (Meso): Structure, Leadership, Life-Cycle, Interpersonal Demands, Tasks, Role Demands
Individual (Micro): Family, Home Economies, Personality (Type A) |
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Term
| What are the four ways of managing stress (Elimination) |
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Definition
Direction: Mission Statement, Time Management
Interpersonal: Increase Competence (OB!)/ Health Collaborations
Situational Factors: Restructuring Work (JCM)
Anticipation/Expectation: Goal-Setting (Focus)/ Small-Wins (Be reasonable), SELF-Evaluation/Development-Enactment/Permanence |
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Term
| What does the Effective Time Management matrix look like and what are it's compenents? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some ways for Effective Time Management? |
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Definition
1) Customized Agendas
2) Organization
3) Task - Combination/Timing
4) Delegation
5) Deadlines and Milestones
6) Usage of 'Downtime'
7) vs. ineffective meetings - timing/actionable/location
8) Drive (vs. be driven) events |
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Term
| What are the three aspects of Resiliency? |
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Definition
Physiological: Exercize/Cardiovascular/Dietary
Psychological: Balance/Hardiness (Worry-Concern/Positive)/vs. Type-A
Social Resiliency: Relationships/Mentor/Cohesive Teams |
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Term
| What are the different ways of coping? |
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Definition
Physiological Relaxation: Muscle Relaxation/ Deep Breathing
Psychological Relaxation: Imagery/Fantasy/Rehearsal/Reframing
Versus Harmful, Habit-Forming Techniques: Alcohol & Drugs/Raging |
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Term
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Definition
| Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting one sensory impressions too make sense of one's environment. |
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Term
| What are the 4 biases of perception? |
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Definition
Selective Attention: Manipulating Salience to Drive Perception Novel, Unusual (Person, Norm), Extreme Dominant. Re: Motives, Interest/Education, Expectations/ Stereotypes. Re: Cognitive Categories
Halo Effect: Single Characteristic determines overall assessment (e.g. Attractiveness,Handshake, etc)
Leniency (Positive), Strictness (Negative), Central Tendency (Neutral); Pattern of Evaluation
Primacy (First), Recency (Latest): Relative emphasis to temporal proximity |
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Term
| What is the Decision Making Heuristic and why is it wrong? What are the two types of bias in it? |
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Definition
Decision Making Heuristic (rules of thumb) simplify things (reduce information processing demands) but lead us into systematic trappings.
Availability Bias: based on memory
Representative Bias: based on categories |
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Term
| What is (Non-rational) Escalation of Commitment and how can you solve it? |
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Definition
It is the tendency to stick to an ineffectual course of action too long, when it is unlikely that the situation can be reversed. (e.g. continuing to put money into a lottery machine)
To prevent: Ignore SUNK COSTS! |
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Term
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Definition
Framing Reality (e.g., Eisner's Speech Strategy) RE: Reference -> Relative Gains and Losses
Gains -> Risk-Averse/Losses -> Risk-Seeing Implications |
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Term
| What are Contrast Effects? |
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Definition
They are an assessment relative to others (e.g., interviews, presentations,) Social Comparative
3.3 The story with the girl being compared to another intern even though she was good herself |
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Term
| What is the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy? |
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Definition
It is the change phenomenon to fit expectations.
Pygmalion Effect: Rise or fall to meet target level
RE: Expectations/Treatment/Motivations/Effort/Behavior
3.10: Story about the boss who assumed his recruits were lazy, thus he did not try hard enough to encourage them to get the training they needed. |
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Term
| What is a confirmation trap? |
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Definition
It is emphasis data consistent with position (e.g., Auto, Job); Emotional/versus Dissonance
Like when you only look for information that backs up your claim. |
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Term
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Definition
Deny Individuality, Everyone is like ME (e.g., Hardworking, Political)
RE: Diversity |
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Term
| What stereotypes do and what are some examples and the process of stereotyping? |
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Definition
They deny a persons individuality and claim that a person is like their GROUP.
Types: Sex-Role, Age, Race, Religion, Etc.
Process: 1) Put in group
2) Generalize group
3) Confirm/Maintain/Reinforce |
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Term
| When we assign credit/blame, we must be careful of what two things? |
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Definition
Fundamental Attribution Bias (others): Overestimating internal factors in determining the behavior of others
Self-Serving Bias (self): Credit internal factors when we succeed and blaming external factors when we fail. |
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Term
| What is the Rational Model of decision making? (Perfect Rationality) |
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Definition
Identify Problem -> Generate (all) Alternatives -> select (optimal) solution via algorithm -> systematically Implement Solution
But people are not perfect, but we should still use this when we have time, information, and if it's important. |
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Term
| What is the Simon's Normative (Satisficing) Model of decision making? |
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Definition
| You use this when you have limited information processing capabilities, limited time, etc. you would use shortcuts/heuristics to simplify and save time. Therefore, its like "Bounded Rationality" |
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Term
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Definition
| Its when you pick the good enough alternative that meets minimum standards (vs. optimizing) |
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Term
| What is the Rationalization Model of decision making and why is it useful? |
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Definition
| This model is considered 'backwards' approach since this is used for justification of a decision. It can be considered faux support for an implicit favorite; hidden agenda |
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Term
| What is the INTUITION model of decision making and is it useful? What are it's faults? |
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Definition
| This model used expertise, 'invisible' logic, and a holistic approach. It's faster and more flexible/adaptive compared to other models. However, it's also more subjective. |
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Term
| What is the Creativity model of decision making? What are the steps? |
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Definition
It is the process of developing something new or unique. Geniuses/nerds/adapters don't use this well because they stick to rules
Steps: Preparation -> Concentration -> Incubation -> Illumination -> Verification |
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Term
| What is the decision making and ethics model? |
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Definition
Moral Maturity:
Post-Conventional
Conventional ^
Pre-Conventional ^ |
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Term
| What are the three ethical codes of conduct? |
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Definition
The Utilitarian Model (Bentham, Mill)
Right = Greatest Good for the Greatest Number
The Moral Rights Model (Locke,Kant)
Right = Protection of Basic Rights
The Justice Model (Aristotle, Hobbes)
Right = Fair, Equitable and Objective |
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Term
| What is the triple bottom line model? (sustainability) |
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Definition
Social
Economical
Environmental
Bearable
Equitable
Viable |
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