ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

alkanes

These are saturated with all single bonds between C's

METHANE

CH₄

ETHANE

C₂H₆

PROPANE

C₃H₈

BUTANE

C₄H₁₀

PENTANE

C₅H₁₂

HEXANE

C₆H₁₄

HEPTANE

C₇H₁₆

OCTANE

C₈H₁₈

NONANE

C₉H₂₀

DECANE

C₁₀H₂₂

alkenes

(remove two H's from the alkenes and change to "ene")

These are unsaturated with a double bond between two C's

CAN NOT DO FOR METHANE

ETHENE

C₂H₄

PROPENE

C₃H₆

BUTENE

C₄H₈

PENTENE

C₅H₁₀

HEXENE

C₆H₁₂

HEPTENE

C₇H₁₄

OCTENE

C₈H₁₆

NONENE

C₉H₁₈

DECENE

C₁₀H₂₀

alkynes

(remove four H's from the alkanes and change to "yne")

These are unsaturated with a triple bond betwen two C's

CAN NOT DO FOR METHANE

ETHYNE

C₂H₂

PROPYNE

C₃H₄

BUTYNE

C₄H₆

PENTYNE

C₅H₈

HEXYNE

C₆H₁₀

HEPTYNE

C₇H₁₂

OCTYNE

C₈H₁₄

NONYNE

C₉H₁₆

DECYNE

C₁₀H₁₈

alcohol

(remove one H fromthe alkanes & then add OH, changing the ending name to "ol")

Example:

Alkanes: CH₄ (methane)

Alcohol: CH₃OH (methyl alcohol or methanol)

PROPYL ALCOHOL or PROPANOL

C₃H₇OH

BUTYL ALCOHOL or BUTANOL

C₄H₉OH

PENTYL ALCOHOL or PENTANOL

C₅H₁₁OH

HEXYL ALCOHOL or HEXANOL

C₆H₁₃OH

HEPTYL ALCOHOL or HEPTANOL

C₇H₁₅OH

OCTYL ALCOHOL or OCTANOL

C₈H₁₇OH