Term
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Definition
a chemical that will accept or donate H+ in a solution to resist changes in pH (usually a weak acid)
-if acid is added it will accept
-if base if added it will donate |
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Term
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Definition
| must contain Carbon and Hydrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| ONLY carbon and hydrogen, is non polar |
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Term
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Definition
ALL POLAR
OH- alcohol
NH2- amino (basic)
COH- carbonyl
COOH- carboxyl (acidic)
PO4- phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
| simple organic "building block" (molecule) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more joined monomers |
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Term
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Definition
wide variety of geometric shapes are possible (shape affects function)
can have:
1)linear chains vary in length
2) branched chains vary in length
3) positions of bonds and functional groups can vary
4) can form rings (5 sided minimum) |
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Term
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Definition
| molecule with same chemical formula but different structures |
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Term
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Definition
| (loses water) alcohol and hydrogen interact to make water and leave covalent bond |
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Term
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Definition
| addition of water to split a polymer |
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Term
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Definition
carbohydrates- for energy and structure
lipids- energy, structure, and hormones
proteins- structure, enzymes, hormones, and energy
nucleic acids- information storage and transfer |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in general 1:2:1 ration, general formula (CH2O)x |
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Term
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Definition
| 2,3,4,5, and 6 carbon molecules are common, type of monomer, ex: glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 linked monosaccharides, type of polymer, ex: sucrose |
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Term
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Definition
| many linked monosaccharides,very large, type of polymer, ex: starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin |
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Term
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Definition
| "chain" of many linked glucose, storage form of energy in plants |
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Term
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Definition
| "branched chain" of many glucose, storage form of energy in animals |
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Term
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Definition
| numerous "chains" of glucose twisted around each other like a rope or cable, structure in plants(cell wall) |
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Term
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Definition
| fiber like cellulose but different monomers, structure in animals |
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Term
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Definition
| general category of all very large "nonpolar" macromolecules |
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Term
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Definition
type of lipid with
3 carbon glycerol molecule with 1,2,or 3 fatty acid chains linked to it (most common is 3 chains) |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acid chains with NO carbon to carbon double bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acid chains have carbon to carbon double bonds |
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Term
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Definition
type of lipid with
glycerol, 2 fatty acid chains, a phosphate group (-), and a choline group (+)
-glycerol+phosphate (head)= polar (hydrophilic)
-fatty acid chains (tail)= nonpolar (hydrophobic) |
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Term
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Definition
type of lipid with
large nonpolar molecules composed of many linked rings (sterol rings) |
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Term
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Definition
| polymers made from amino acid monomers |
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Term
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Definition
| carboxyl group, amino group, side chain "R" group (20 varieties, only one that changes ) |
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Term
| levels of protein structure |
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Definition
primary structure
secondary structure
tertiary structure
quaternary structure |
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Term
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Definition
| the sequence of amino acids in the protein |
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Term
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Definition
| any bending or shape caused by H-bonds along the backbone |
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Term
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Definition
any bonding between R-groups
- covalent, ionic, H-bond, or nonpolar interactions (in water) |
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Term
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Definition
2 or more linked tertiary structures
most common |
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Term
| proteins are very sensitive to the... |
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Definition
| environment around them. any change in temperature, pH, and salinity will cause a protein to denature |
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Term
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Definition
| polymers built of nucleotide monomers |
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Term
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Definition
| adenine, guanine, cytosine, thynine |
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