Term
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Definition
composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in the layer
selectively permeable and regulates transport of materials in/out of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
thick, gelatinous semi transparent fluid at the site of metabolic reactions.
stores the chemicals and enzymes needed for these reactions. helps to maintain cell shape |
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Definition
largest organelle. surrounded by the nuclear envelope.
Chromatin (DNA & proteins) is stored here. controls and regulates cellular activity. |
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Term
| Rough endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| network of membrane bound flattened sacs called cisternae. stuffed with ribosomes. newly synthesised proteins packaged here for transport to Golgi apparatus |
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Term
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Definition
| network of membrane bound flattened sacs without ribosomes. responsible for transport of lipids and carbohydrates |
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Term
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Definition
stack of flattened membrane bound sacs
new proteins received from rough ER + modified by adding lipids and carbohydrates. packaged into vesicles to be transported again |
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Term
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Definition
small, spherical shaped membrane bound sacs with fluid inside
transport materials around the cell (within cell) |
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Definition
small, spherical membrane bound sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes
break down waste material |
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Term
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Definition
tiny organelles composed of RNA + protein. can be found on Rough ER or floating in cytoplasm. larger in eukaryotic cells.
site of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| double membrane bound organelle. inner membrane folded to form cristae with central matrix. long in shape or spherical. site of final stages of aerobic respiration |
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Term
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Definition
rigid structure made of cellulose. surrounds the cell outside the plasma membrane. pores in cellulose create a ‘sieve’
protects + support cell. pores allow materials to pass freely |
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Term
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Definition
made of peptidoglycan. surrounds the cell membrane.
protects + support cell (prokaryote) |
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Term
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Definition
double membrane organelle with fluid filled sac called stroma. inner membrane continuous network of flattened sacs called thylakoids. a stack is called a granum. contain chlorophyll pigments.
site of photosynthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| plant absorbs light energy via chlorophyll uses this to produce carbohydrate molecules from water and carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
membrane bound sac containing cell sap.
maintains turgor and rigidity of cell |
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Definition
partially permeable membrane of the vacuole.
allows small molecules to pass through. |
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Definition
double membrane bound sac containing starch granules.
responsible for the synthesis and storage of starch. starch is used to store glucose within a cell. |
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Term
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Definition
microscopic pores in cell wall.
enables transport and communication between individual plant cells. |
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Term
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Definition
pores in cell wall of the xylem.
allow water to enter + leave xylem vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
slippery layer of polysaccharide outside the cell wall of some species of bacteria.
protects the cell and prevents dessication. |
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Term
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Definition
| (meaning nucleous-like) irregularly shaped region that holds nuclear material without a nuclear membrane and where genetic material is localised. the DNA forms one circular chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
small loops of DNA.
carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism. can be transferred from one organism to another. |
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