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Organelles
cell structure
9
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/17/2013

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Term
Nucleus
Definition
Structure: membrane enclosed compartment, holds DNA, ball-shaped
Function: holds DNA
Term
mitochondria
Definition
Structure: bean-shaped, bacteria sized (origin: phagocytized bacteria), 2 membranes, folded
Function: convert energy from fuel molecules into ATP
Term
ribosome
Definition
Structure: made of rRNA, tiny round beads, float freely in cytoplasm or bound to rough ER
Function: synthesizes proteins specified by nucleic acids
Term
rough ER
Definition
Structure: folding tubes with ribosomes on surface
Function: protein synthesis (from ribosomes), transports the proteins to other parts of the cell
Term
smooth ER
Definition
Structure: folding tubes
Function: chemical modification of small molecules (ex. drugs), glycogen degradation, lipid and steroid synthesis
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
Structure: flattened membranous sacs (cisternae) and vesicles
Function: modifies and packages proteins
Term
lysosome
Definition
Structure: made of digestive enzymes, small balls, surrounded by a membrane, dozens w/in cell
Function: breakdown food, other cells, or foreign objects
Term
chloroplast
Definition
Structure: green, surrounded by 2 membranes, stacks of flat bread
Function: photosynthesis
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
Structure: hard membrane surrounding cell
Function: support, interact with extracellular structures
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