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Organelles
n/a
11
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
07/19/2010

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Term
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Definition

MEMBRANOUS NETWORK OF INTERCONNECTED CANALS

 

  • no ribosomes attached
  • extends from the rough ER
  • synthesises fatty acids, steroids (eg: estrogen/testosterone), detoxifies drugs and other harmfull substances, releases calcium ions to contract muscles

 

Term
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Definition

MEMBRANOUS NETWORK OF INTERCONNECTED CANALS

 

 

  • ribosomes attached
  • synthesises glycoproteins and phosopholipids

 

 

Term
RIBOSOMES
Definition

 

  • tiny particles found throughout the cell
  • their function is to produce enzymes and protein compounds
  • they are made up of rRNA

 

Term
FLAGELLA
Definition
  • similar to cilia but larger
  • are able to move an entire cell
  • sperm tail is the only flagella found in the human body

 

Term
CENTRIOLES
Definition

 

  • hollow cylinders made up of tiny tubules
  • they function in cell reproduction

 

Term
CILIA
Definition

 

  • short, hair - like projections
  • they extend from the surface of the cell
  • they move substances over the surface of the cell

 

Term
GOLGI APPARATUS
Definition

 

  • tiny flattened sacs stacked on one another
  • chemically processes, packages then transports proteins received from the rough ER

 

Term
LYSOSOMES
Definition

 

  • membrane-enclosed vesicles that are formed by the golgi apparatus
  • they contain enzymes that digest food as well as microbes that invade cells
  • the enzymes also help recycle worn out cell structures by engulfing another organelle, digesting it and returning the digested components to the cytosol for reuse

 

Term
MITOCHONDRIA
Definition

 

  • membranous capsule 
  • made up of 2 membranous sacs, one inside the other with a fluid filled space in between
  • generates ATP through reactions or aerobic cellular respiration

 

Term
PLASMA MEMBRANE
Definition

  • the outer shell of cells
  • phosopholipid bilayer studded with proteins
  • can identify cells

Term
NUCLEUS and NUCLEOLUS
Definition

  • sphere in the centre of cells that contains DNA
  • it is surrounded by a membranous substance known as the "nuclear envelope" 
  • nucleus controls every organelle in the cytoplasm
  • controls the process of cell reproduction
  • nucleolus is the dense region in the centre of the nucleus
  • its role is to "program" the formation of ribosomes

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