Term
| 1. What does the ALARA concept of x-rays state? |
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Definition
| RADIATION EXPOSURES SHOULD BE KEPT AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE |
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Term
| 2. What does the 10-day rule of ordering x-rays state? |
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Definition
| THE RULE ATTEMPTS TO LIMIT THE EXPOSURE TO RADIATION TO A 10-DAY PERIOD FOLLOWING THE ONSET OF THE MENSES OF THE FEMALE |
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Term
| 3. The American college of radiology states that x-rays of the spine are recommended for the following 12 issues. |
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Definition
| 1) PAIN OR LIMITATION OF MOTION, 2) SPINAL TRAUMA, 3) PREVIOUS SURGERY, 4) SUSPECTED MALIGNANCY, 5) CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, 6) PREVIOUSLY DETECTED SPINAL ABNORMALITY, 7) ALIGNMENT ABNORMALITIES, 8) SHOULDER OR ARM PAIN FROM SUSPECTED CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY, 9) OCCIPITAL HEADACHE, 10) PAIN RADIATING AROUND THE CHEST WALL, 11) PAIN RADIATING INTO THE BUTTOCK, HIP OR GROIN, 12) COMPRESSION FRACTURES |
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Term
| 4. Canadian c-spine rules state that radiographs are needed if any of these 3 signs/symptoms are present after trauma. |
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Definition
| 1) HIGH RISK FACTORS SUCH AS OLDER THAN 65, WORK WITH DANGEROUS MECHANISMS OR PARESTHESIA IN THE EXTREMITIES, 2) PRESENCE OF MIDLINE CERVICAL SPINE TENDERNESS OR DELAYED ONSET OF NECK PAIN, 3) UNABLE TO ACTIVELY ROTATE THE NECK 45DEG |
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Term
| 5. NEXUS states that no radiographs are needed if all of the following 5 things are present in a patient with a history of injury to the neck. |
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Definition
| 1) NO POSTERIOR CERVICAL SPINE TENDERNESS, 2) NO EVIDENCE OF INTOXICATION, 3) NORMAL LEVEL OF ALERTNESS, 4) NO FOCAL NEUROLOGICAL DAMAGE, 5) NO PAINFUL DISTRACTING INJURY |
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Term
| 6. Ottawa knee rules state that x-rays are recommended if there is a history of trauma to the knee and any of the following 5 things are present. |
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Definition
| 1) AGE OVER 55, 2) ISOLATED TENDERNESS OF THE PATELLA, 3) TENDERNESS AT THE HEAD OF THE FIBULA, 4) INABILITY TO FLEX THE KNEE TO 90DEG, 5) INABILITY TO TAKE MORE THAN 4 CONSECUTIVE WEIGHT-BEARING STEPS BOTH IMMEDIATELY AND IN THE OFFICE |
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Term
| 7. Ottawa ankle rules state that x-rays are recommended if there is a history of trauma to the knee and any of the following 4 things are present. |
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Definition
| 1) AGE OVER 55, 2) UNABLE TO MAKE MORE THAN 4 SUCCESSIVE WEIGHT-BEARING STEPS SHORTLY AFTER THE INJURY AND IN THE OFFICE, 3) LOCALIZED TENDERNESS ALONG THE POSTERIOR ASPECT OF THE CREST OF EITHER MALLEOLUS, 4) LOCALIZED TENDERNESS OVER THE TALUS, NAVICULAR, CUBOID, OR 5TH METATATSAL |
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