Term
| What can diseases of the bone result from? (3) |
|
Definition
inherited disorders (like -Cleidocranial dysplasia)
-neoplasms (like osteosarcoma)
-fibro-osseous lesions (like the ossifying fibroma) |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 examples of benign lesions of the bone? |
|
Definition
-Cemento-Osseous dysplasia
-Paget’s disease |
|
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Term
| Is dysplasia when referring to cemento-osseous lesions pre-malignaorgannt? What does it mean? |
|
Definition
| No, it means disordered growth |
|
|
Term
| What did Periapical Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia used to be called? What is it? What does it look like clinically? Symptoms? |
|
Definition
-Used to be called the Cementoma and was considered an Odontogenic tumor
-Now considered a bone lesion and a reactive or dysplasia instead of a neoplasm
-Clinically seen in the mandibular anterior region of black women over 30
-Asymptomatic, found on routine radiographs
-Appears early as a well circumscribed, radiolucency in the periapical region but teeth test vital
-Over time become increasingly calcified
-No treatment necessary |
|
|
Term
| What is Focal Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia? Who is it seen in? What is done to make this diagnosis? |
|
Definition
-Asymptomatic fibro-osseous lesion seen more commonly in white women over 30
-More often seen in posterior mandible and appears as a well-demarcated radiolucent to radiopaque lesion
-Biopsy necessary to make definitive diagnosis, but no further treatment |
|
|
Term
| Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia: How many quads? Who is it seen in? radiographycally? treatment? |
|
Definition
-Asymptomatic fibrous-osseous lesion
-Involves multiple quadrants
-Seen most often in black women over 40
-Radiographically see masses of irregular radiopaque
-No treatment necessary unless patient is edentulous, risk of osteomyelitis if masses perforate mucosa |
|
|
Term
| What is Fibrous Dysplasia? What are the 2 types? How does it appear radiographically? Treatment? |
|
Definition
-Bone is replaced with abnormal fibrous CT, interspersed with varying amounts of calcifications
-Two types: Monostotic and Polyostotic
-Radiographically appears as a diffuse radiopacity “ground glass”
-Treated by surgical recontouring for cosmetic reasons, ceases at puberty |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between Monostotic and Polyostotic dysplasia? |
|
Definition
–Monostotic fibrous dysplasia affects only ONE bone, commonly seen in children, clinically appears as a painless swelling of the bone, can lead to malocclusion
–Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia involves more than one bone, seen more often in little girls, can affect the skull, clavicle, long bones and is usually asymptomatic, often see cafe’ au lait spots. |
|
|
Term
| What is the severe form of Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Paget’s Disease? What is it characterized by? Who is it commonly seen in? Which bones does it effect? |
|
Definition
-Chronic, metabolic bone disease
-Characterized by uncoordinated osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity resulting in enlargement of the affected bone(s)
-Most commonly seen in men over 50
-Typically affects the weight-bearing bones (pelvis and spine) but can affect the bones of the skull |
|
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Term
| What are some oral manefestations of paget's disease when it involves the skull? |
|
Definition
–enlargement of the maxilla or mandible causing spaces between the teeth or dentures to no longer fit
–Headache, dizziness, deafness
–Radiographically appears as patchy radiolucency and radiopacity “cotton wool”, hypercementosis, loss of lamina dura and PDL |
|
|
Term
| How do the lesions from Paget's disease feel? What is the treatment? |
|
Definition
-Because of increased vascularization in area, feels warm
-Treatment directed at symptoms, calcitonin and biphosphonates to inhibit resorption |
|
|
Term
| What are three types of pseudocysts? |
|
Definition
-Static bone cyst (Stafne bone cyst)
-Simple bone cyst (Traumatic bone cyst)
-Aneurysmal bone cyst |
|
|
Term
| Are Static (Stafne’s) Bone Cyst a true cyst? Are they pathological or epithleial lined? How do they appear, what are they caused by? |
|
Definition
-NOT a true cyst
-NOT pathological or epithelial lined
-A variant of normal
-Appears as a well-defined radiolucency in the posterior mandibular area BELOW the mandibular canal
-Caused by a depression on the lingual side of the mandible where salivary gland tissue is located ( extension of the sublingual) |
|
|
Term
| What are Simple (Traumatic) Bone Cyst? What are they lined with and caued by? How do they appear and what is the treatment? |
|
Definition
-Asymptomatic, intraosseousempty cavity –lined by CONNECTIVE TISSUE
-Cause is unclear but believed to occur following injury
-Appear as a well-circumscribed, solitary radiolucency
-Treatment –tends to heal itself once blood is allowed to enter the space during biopsy |
|
|
Term
| What are Aneurysmal bone cyst? What are they caused by? How do they appear radiographically? Treatment? |
|
Definition
-Pseudocyst, blood-filled spaces surrounded by fibrous CT containing Giant cells
-Unknown cause –thought to be a secondary result of trauma, tumor, fibrous dysplasia, or hemangioma
-Radiographically appears as a multilocular radiolucency, “honeycomb” or “soap bubble”
-Treatment -curettage to expose bone so osteoblasts can remodel |
|
|
Term
| What is Osteogenesis Imperfecta? |
|
Definition
-Inherited disorder of CT characterized by bone fragility
-Is a disorder of the collagen involved in making bone, ligaments, sclera, and dentin
-Characterized by defective matrix formation and a lack of mineralization
-Clinically appears as bone that is thin with trabeculae that is wide spaced and disorganized and a decreased mineral content so fractures easily (10% of cases die within weeks of delivery), sclera of eyes is blue, and orally see dentinogenesis imperfecta with bulbous crowns, short roots, obliterated pulp chambers, and gray hue to the teeth |
|
|
Term
| What is osteoarthritis? How common is it? What is the treatment? |
|
Definition
-A degenerative disease of the joints
-Estimates that 80-90% of US pop over 65 have some form of osteoarthritis
-Cartilage covering the articularsurfaces of bone in synovial joints is destroyed
-Bone rubs on bone, Pieces of cartilage break away, float around in the joint
-New bone forms in spurs
-Treatment focuses on pain relief |
|
|
Term
| What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? What is a main feature? What is a form of treatment? |
|
Definition
-Unknown etiology but thought is EBV, autoimmune, and genetics play a role
-Inflammation of joints causes scar tissue to form
-Ankylosisof bone to bone results in deformities
-Pain a main feature
-Treatment can include corticosteroid |
|
|
Term
| What is Osteoporosis? What is the treatment? |
|
Definition
-Low bone density and deterioration of the structure of bone
-Primary osteoporosis seen in postmenopausal women and the elderly
-Secondary osteoporosis seen in those with endocrine disorders or use medications (corticosteroids) for long periods
-A defective bone remodeling –resorptionexceeds formation
-Treatment: Calcium and VitD or Bisphosphonates |
|
|
Term
| What is Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis used to treat? Symptoms? |
|
Definition
-Used to treat multiple myeloma, metastatic cancer to bone, Paget’s disease, and osteoporosis
-Inhibit osteoclastic activity
-Mainly occurs with IV administration
-Usually follows tooth extraction or surgery
-Symptoms include pain, bone exposure, radiolucent lesions |
|
|
Term
| What secretes hormones? What do they regulate? |
|
Definition
-endocrine glands
-regulate metabolism, growth, reproduction, electrolyte, acid-base, and energy balance |
|
|
Term
| What is the endocrine system described as? |
|
Definition
| the pitutary gland and the thyroid and the organ it acts on(parathyroid, adrenal, ovaries, testes, and islets of Langerhansin the pancreas) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 classifications of hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat are steroid hormones? |
|
Definition
-Steroid hormones (anabolic)are lipid-soluble, produced by adrenal cortex and sex glands, can enter cell membrane of target organ and other tissue
-This stimulates the building of large molecules –specifically muscle and bone
--Also disrupts normal feedback –can result in sterility, mental imbalance, and metabolic problems |
|
|
Term
| Where do protein hormone cause effect? |
|
Definition
| Protein hormones cause effects in target organs but do not act on other organs |
|
|
Term
| What does the anterior pitutary gland secrete? |
|
Definition
| Growth Hormone –promotes the growth of cartilage and connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| What does hypofunction of the anterior pituitary gland result in? |
|
Definition
| –Hypofunction results in dwarfism(occurs during growth period, are short in stature, oral manifestations include delayed shedding of deciduous teeth and eruption of permanent, under-developed maxilla and mandible) -Simmond’s disease(occurs in adults –effects production of thyroid, ovary, testis, and adrenal cortex hormones so are sluggish, light skin color, sterile) |
|
|
Term
| What does hyperfunction of the pituitary gland result in? |
|
Definition
-Giantism(occurs during the growth period –are large in stature, oral manifestations include enlarged maxilla and mandible, enlarged tongue, early eruption of teeth, and hypercementosis)
-Acromegaly(occurs in adults –see growth of bones in the hands, feet, face, skull, jaws as well as growth of connective tissue which results in coarse facial features, hypertension, congestive heart failure, osteoporosis, and arthritis. Oral manifestations include development of diastemas as jaws grow. |
|
|
Term
| What is Marfan Syndrome characterized by? |
|
Definition
-Genetic
-CTdisorder, not as stiff as normal
-Most are taller than normal
-Have long, thin fingers
-Flexible joints
-Long, narrow face, small jaw
-High palate, crowded teeth |
|
|
Term
| What does the Posterior Pituitary gland secrete? What does it cause? |
|
Definition
-Secretes Antidiuretichormone (ADH)
-ADH acts on renal tubules to stimulate water retention
-Causes diabetes insipidus, characterized by very high output of very dilute urine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means bland or tasteless as opposed to mellitus which means sweet tasting |
|
|
Term
| What does the thyroid gland secrete? What does it regulate? |
|
Definition
-Thyroid gland regulates body metabolism
-Two major hormones, thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine(T3) increases rate of cellular metabolism
-Also secretes calcitoninwhich promotes the retention of calcium and phosphorus in bone |
|
|
Term
| What are most cases of hyperfunction of the thyroid gland a result of? |
|
Definition
| Grave’s disease, an autoimmune disease that causes the gland to enlarge (goiter) and eyes to bulge (exophthalmos) because fat is accumulating behind them. Also see weight loss, sweating, heat intolerance, increased appetite and bowel motility, irritability, rapid heart rate, and palpitations |
|
|
Term
| What does hypofunction of the thyroid gland result in in infants? |
|
Definition
| cretinism which can result in mental and muscular deficiency, deposits of a glycosaminoglycan in the subcutaneous tissue, small jaws, and delayed eruption of teeth |
|
|
Term
| What does hypofunction of the thyroid gland result in in an adult? |
|
Definition
| myxedema- Symptoms include lethargy, swelling of the face, constipation, weakness, fatigue, slow heart rate, reduced body temperature, and orally, lips and tongue may be enlarged because of the accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans |
|
|
Term
| What is Hashimoto’s disease? |
|
Definition
| an autoimmune cause of hypothyroidism and can also have goiter |
|
|
Term
| What does the parathyroid gland secrete? Does it operate under the pituitary gland? |
|
Definition
-parathormonewhich increases blood calcium levels by activating osteoclasts to resorb bone, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, increasing calcium retention in the kidneys, and increasing phosphate excretion by the kidneys
-Do not operate under the control of the pituitary gland but in a negative feed-back loop with blood calcium |
|
|
Term
| What does Hyperparathyroidism result in? |
|
Definition
-results in increased serum calcium and a decrease in serum phosphate.
-Classic symptoms -“stones, bones, groans, and moans” -Kidney stones, osteoporosis, peptic ulcers in the stomach, and depression.
-Oral signs include diffuse loss of bone, loss of lamina dura, and loosening of the teeth |
|
|
Term
| What is Hypoparathyroidism usually caused by? What does it result in? Treatment? |
|
Definition
-caused by inadvertent removal during thyroidectomy
-Results in low blood calcium levels which can cause muscle irritability and spasms, and seizures
-Treated with calcium and Vitamin D supplements |
|
|
Term
| What does the pancreas secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Diabetes is a disorder of insulin action and secretion that results in high blood glucose
-Insulin is necessary for the uptake of glucose into cells –without glucose cells turn to fat and protein for energy
-Two types, Type I –pancreas does not secrete enough insulin and Type II –insulin is not effective |
|
|
Term
| What are some oral complications of diabetes? |
|
Definition
–Candidiasis
–Xerostomia
–Accentuated response to plaque resulting in excessive gingivitis or periodontitis –bone loss, tooth mobility, abscesses, slow wound healing, increased susceptibility to infection |
|
|
Term
| Where are the Adrenal Glands located? What are they under control of? |
|
Definition
| Sit on top of the kidneys, outer cortex under the control of the pituitary gland and the inner medulla is linked to the autonomic nervous system |
|
|
Term
| What does the adrenal cortx secrete? |
|
Definition
| Adrenal cortex secretes cortisolwhich breaks down muscle and fat to be converted to glucose and aldosteronewhich acts on the kidneys to retain sodium and water and excrete potassium. This causes blood volume to increase and consequently, blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| What does the medulla secrete? |
|
Definition
| The medulla secretes hormones that increase heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, and bowel activity |
|
|
Term
| What does hypofunction of the adrenal gland result in? |
|
Definition
-Addison’s Disease
–Lack of aldosterone causes electrolyte imbalance, dehydration and hypotension
–Reduced cortisol levels cause pituitary to secrete ACTH to try and get levels up but that causes stimulation of melanocytes so develop diffuse brown pigmentation |
|
|
Term
| What does hyperfunction of the adrenal gland result in? |
|
Definition
-Cushing’s Syndrome
-Excessive blood cortisol induces protein deficiency and carbohydrate excesses. Results in accumulation of fat in the upper spine region “buffalo hump” and face “moon face”
-Also see poor healing, osteoporosis, hypertension, high blood sugar, depression, and muscle wasting |
|
|
Term
| What are some other endocrine glands? |
|
Definition
-identified leptin and ghrelin
-Leptin is a hormone made by fat cells that tell your body to stop eating
-Ghrelin is a hormone made by the GI tract that stimulates appetite
-Both’s production is influenced by sleep
-When you don’t get enough sleep, leptin levels go down and ghrelin levels rise –cravings for high-carbohydrate, calorie dense foods increases |
|
|
Term
| Are vitamins synthesized by the body? |
|
Definition
| no, we have to get them through out diet |
|
|
Term
| What is vitamin A? What does a deficiency in this lead to? |
|
Definition
-Fat-soluble
-Important for specialized epithelial linings, skeletal maturation, cell membranes, and photosensitive pigments in the retina
-Deficiency leads to keratinization: metaplasia of glands, keratin debris blocking up tear, sweat, and salivary glands |
|
|
Term
| What are some B vitamins? What are some common ones? |
|
Definition
-Water-soluble vitamins, numbered 1 –12
-Most are not distinct vitamins, those recognized as “true” vitamins are:
B1 (thiamine), B2 (Riboflavin), B3 (Niacin), B6 (Pyridoxine), and B12 (Cyanocobalamin) |
|
|
Term
| What is thiamine? What does a deficiency cause? |
|
Definition
-Needed for DNA and RNA formation
-Catalyzes glucose, protein, and fat breakdown for energy
-Needed for synthesis of nerves
-Deficiency called Beri-beri (fatigue, poor appetite, constipation, depression, edema, neuritis, heart failure
**Oral –loss of taste, glossitis** |
|
|
Term
| What is riboflavin? What does a deficiency lead to? |
|
Definition
-Plays an important role in energy release from carbohydrates, protein, and fat
-Important in fatty acid and amino acid synthesis and cellular growth
-Deficiency leads to growth failure, greasy skin, scaliness-
**Oral -angular cheilitis, glossitis** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Needed for all cell functioning, energy release from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, for steroid and red blood cell formation, and drug metabolism
-Deficiency is Pellagra,
3 “D’s”: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
**Oral –angular cheilitis, glossitis** |
|
|
Term
| What is Pernicious Anemia? |
|
Definition
-B12 deficiency
-causes neurologic degeneration as well as anemia, often caused by lack of intrinsic factor (not enough produced by the stomach or following gastrectomy) necessary for absorption –treated by injections of B12 |
|
|
Term
| What can folic acid deficiency cause? |
|
Definition
| spina bifida, anemia and heart disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Water-soluble
-Functions in collagen formation, hormone synthesis, wound healing, resistance to infection, improves iron absorption |
|
|
Term
| What can a deficiency and mega dose of vitamin C result in? |
|
Definition
-Deficiency called Scurvy –see bruising, hemorrhage, gingivitis, petecchiae
-Mega doses can lead to increased risk of kidney stones, increased gastric sensitivity to aspirin, increased build up of iron in liver and other tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Technically is a hormone, not a vitamin
-Necessary for calcium absorption
-Can be produced by the skin when it is exposed to sunlight
-Aids in regulating blood calcium levels, depositing calcium into bones and teeth |
|
|
Term
| What is a vitamin D deficiency in children called? Adults? |
|
Definition
-Deficiency termed Rickets in children, see defective bone mineralization –bow legs, delayed closing of fontanal, delayed eruption of teeth, hypoplasia
-In adults deficiency is termed Osteomalacia, see bone not completely mineralized thus are weak and fracture easily |
|
|
Term
| What are vitamins E and K? |
|
Definition
-Fat-soluble
-Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant
-Vitamin K functions in blood clotting and bone mineralization |
|
|
Term
| What is hemorrhage? What causes it? What is it classified according to? |
|
Definition
-Escape of blood from blood vessel
-Causes: trauma, rupture, platelet abnormalities, or blood dyscrasias
-Classified according to size |
|
|
Term
| What are the size classification for hemorrhages? |
|
Definition
–Petechiae (pinpoint)
–Purpura (< cm)
–Ecchymoses (> cm)
-Hematoma (result of trauma) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
-Occurs as a consequence of decreased number of RBC, decrease in their size, or decrease in their hemoglobin content
-Causes can range from excessive blood loss (trauma, internal hemorrhaging) genetic diseases (sickle cell), suppression of bone marrow (chemotherapy) or nutritional deficiencies (iron, folic acid, B12)
-Common characteristics: pallor of skin and mucosa, fatigue, osteoporosis, fatty change in heart and liver, atrophy of oral and GI mucosa |
|
|
Term
| What causes Iron Deficiency Anemia? |
|
Definition
-Result of insufficient iron intake, blood loss from heavy menstrual or GI bleeding, poor iron absorption, or increased need like during pregnancy
-RBC are smaller and lighter |
|
|
Term
| What is Pernicious Anemia? |
|
Definition
-Deficiency of Intrinsic Factor, necessary for Vitamin B12 absorption
-Results in fewer but larger than normal and have nuclei RBC (Megoblastic)
-Treated by injections of B12 |
|
|
Term
| Who does Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Anemia occur in? |
|
Definition
-Occurs in malnutrition, often seen in alcoholics
-Seen when increased metabolic demand, during pregnancy
-Oral –same as Pernicious anemia |
|
|
Term
| What is sickle cell anemia? What organs does it effect? |
|
Definition
-Inherited disorder, more common among African Americans also seen in those from Mediterranean, Middle East, and India
-In US, 10% of African Americans are carriers, 1 in 650 have the trait
-Deoxygenated RBC transform into a sickle-shaped structure which obstruct small blood vessels causing pain, fibrosis and scarring
-Organs affected –heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, liver, bones, eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gluten sensitivity causes GI mucosa to slough, inflammation causing diarrhea so don’t absorb nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secondary anemia caused by atrophy of the bone marrow often the result of radiation, chemotherapy, chemical poisons |
|
|
Term
| What is Polycythemia? What are the 3 types? |
|
Definition
-Abnormal increase in Red Blood Cells
-Three types: Primary, Secondary, and Relative |
|
|
Term
| What is primary Polycythemia? |
|
Definition
| considered a neolastic process –uncontrolled production of RBC causes blood to become thick and viscous, formation of thrombi, bleed easily (thrombocytopenia can occur) mucosa deep red |
|
|
Term
| What is Secondary Polycythemia ? |
|
Definition
–induced by decreased oxygen to cells stimulates production of more RBC
–Causes include high altitudes, pulmonary disease, heart disease, and increased CO associated with smoking |
|
|
Term
| What is Relative Polycythemia? |
|
Definition
-due to decreased plasma volume
–Causes –diuretic use, excessive vomiting, diarrhea, or sweating. Chronic form called Stress Polycythemia, seen in “executives” –over weight, hypertensive, and smokers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-white blood cell disorder
–Reduction in circulating neutrophils (neutropenia)
–Caused by unknown reasons or as a toxic reaction to drugs or other chemicals
–Clinically –high fever, chills, jaundice, weakness, oral necrotizing ulcerations, rapid destruction, but appear gangrenous instead of with classic inflammatory signs
–Treatment –antibiotics, transfusions, removal of causative agent if known |
|
|
Term
| What is Cyclic Neutropenia? |
|
Definition
-white blood cell disorder
–Inherited disorder
–Periodically number of circulating neutrophilsdecreases
–Cycles usually occur in 21 -27 days but could be months
–Episodes of neutropenialast 2-3 days
–Same clinical symptoms but returns to normal when episode is over |
|
|
Term
| WHat is Leukemia? What causes it? |
|
Definition
-A malignant neoplasm of the stem cells
-Results in excessive numbers of abnormal White Blood Cells
-Classified according to stem cell origin (granulocytic or lymphocytic) and severity (acute –rapidly progressive, tend to occur in children and chronic –undergo prolonged remissions, tend to occur in adults) |
|
|
Term
| What is seen clinically with Leukemia, oral signs, and treatment? |
|
Definition
-Clinically –weakness, fever, enlargement of lymph nodes, bleeding
-Oral signs –gingival enlargement, infections (NUG), bleeding gingiva, petechiae
-Treatment –Chemotherapy, Bone marrow transplants |
|
|
Term
| What is Thrombocytopenia Purpura? |
|
Definition
-A reddish-blue discoloration of the skin or mucosa from spontaneous extravasation of blood
-Caused by defect or deficiency of platelets or increase in capillary fragility
-Orally see gingival bleeding, petechiae, bruises
-Can be idiopathic or often associated with drug therapy for cancer |
|
|
Term
| What is Nonthrombocytopenic Purpura? Who is this seen in? |
|
Definition
-Result from a defect in capillary walls or disorder of platelet function resulting from Vitamin C deficiency, infections, allergy, drugs, or autoimmune
-Most common cause is aspirin therapy to “thin blood”
-Also seen in those with von Willebrand disease (inherited –see heavy periods, nose bleeds, easy bruising) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Inherited disorder of blood coagulation, results in prolonged clotting time
-Fibrinogen conversion to fibrin is deficient, missing a plasma protein necessary
-Spontaneous bleeding, petechiae, and bruising |
|
|
Term
| What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome? |
|
Definition
-Inherited
-Collagen production is abnormal resulting in loose joints (dislocate easily), thin, loose skin, fragile skin, mucous membranes and blood vessels
-Excessive bruising and bleeding
-Oral mucosa fragile, tears during eating and dental treatment
-Abnormal wound healing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Hereditary condition characterized by dilated blood vessels, “spider veins”
-Lesions can appear on palms, face, neck, lips, anterior tongue, nasal area often affected –may experience severe nose bleeds
-Those in the oral cavity tend to bleed profusely when traumatized |
|
|
Term
| What is Ectodermal Dysplasia? |
|
Definition
-A hereditary disorder that affects the skin, mucous membranes, sweat glands, hair follicles, hair, nails, teeth, and upper respiratory system
-Clinically present with sparse hair, skin is thin and dry, hypodontiaor anodontiaand what teeth develop tend to be small and conical, xerostomia, delayed eruption
-Tendency to suffer from hyperthermia because of lack of sweat glands –can lead to seizures, brain damage, or death |
|
|
Term
| What is Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome? |
|
Definition
-A genetic disorder
-Hyperkeratosis of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet and over joints like the knees and elbows
-Excessive sweating
-Defective function of neutrophilsand T cells make them susceptible to multiple infections
-Early perio, primary teeth lost by age 5 and once permanent teeth erupt, they are lost by about 15 |
|
|
Term
| What is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome? |
|
Definition
-An inherited condition
-Melanin pigmentation on the buccaland labial mucosa, the skin of the face, hands and feet
-Multiple intestinal polyps
-Increased risk of developing cancer of breast, pancreas, testis, and ovaries as well as adenocarcinomasof the GI tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Chronic dermatologic disease that affects the oral cavity
-Variety of medications may induce lesions that appear identical to the chronic variety –called lichenoidmucositisor dermatitis
-Etiology –unknown, stress? Immunologic
-Treatment –systemic or topical corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Mildest form of lupus
-Chronic
-Confined to the sun-exposed skin of the face, scalp, and ears as well as the oral mucosa
-Autoimmune, triggered by genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 types
-one is a Type IV hypersensitivity (allergic contact dermatitis)
-Other is a Type I hypersensitivity (Atopic dermatitis)
-Produces itchy, weepy, crusting, lichenified, patches
-Often seen in those with other allergic conditions
-Tends to be worse in winter
-Topical antihistamines or steroids used to treat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-A chronic systemic autoimmune disease
-Disease process is a slow replacement of loose vascular CT with densely packed collagen bundles
-Skin looses its elasticity and becomes tightly adhered to the underlying muscle and bone
-Results in loss of mobility of the hands, joints, and restriction of opening the mouth
-Esophagus becomes constricted, TMJ and cortical bone can become eroded, PDL widens
-Treatment –spontaneous remission sometimes, systemic steroids help in reducing rate of destruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-A chronic skin condition with a genetic component
-Characterized by large, erythematous, scaly patches often on the scalp, elbows, and knees
-Geographic tongue thought to be oral psoriasis
-Periods of exacerbation and quiescence, often improving in the summer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Transient Lingual Papillitis
-Enlarged and painful fungiform papillae
-Resolve spontaneously in hours to days
-More common in women
-Cause unknown |
|
|
Term
What is Trigeminal Neuralgia
(Tic Douloureux)? |
|
Definition
–Characterized by extremely severe electric shocklikeor sharp jabbing pain limited to one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve
–Often idiopathic, usually associated with pathosissomewhere along the course of the nerve –blood vessel or tumor pressing on nerve eventually rubs away the sheath covering the nerve
–Treatment –anticonvulsant medication, Botox, surgery |
|
|
Term
| What is Glossopharyngeal neuralgia? |
|
Definition
-Recurring episodes of severe pain
-Occurs in the back of the throat, base of the tongue, tonsillararea
-Etiology believed to be an artery pressing on the glossopharyngealnerve
-Chronic condition with remissions and exacerbations
-Treatment similar to Trigeminal neuralgia |
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Term
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Definition
-A self-limiting, unilateral paralysis of the Facial Nerve
–Herpes simplex virus prime suspect in most cases
–Triggering events –acute ear infections, atmospheric pressure changes, infections, MS, third trimester or eclampsiaduring pregnancy
–Characterized by abrupt loss of muscle control on one side of the face –inability to smile, close the eye, wink, or raise the eyebrows
–Treatment –usually regresses slowly within 1-2 months, 82% recover within 6 months |
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Term
| What is Burning Mouth Syndrome? |
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Definition
-No observable abnormalities
-Patient reports burning sensation most often in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, anterior hard palate, and lower lip
-Refer to doctor to rule out other possible conditions
-May persist for years, may disappear, may never resolve |
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Term
| What is Temporal Arteritis? |
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Definition
-A focal granulomatousinflammation of the temporal arteries causes thickening of vessel walls, narrowed lumen, risk of blockage
-Genetic?
-Throbbing headache, erythema, edema, and tenderness in the scalp covering the temporal artery
-May experience jaw pain and stiffness, ear pain
-Refer patient to doctor for evaluation |
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