Term
| Mobile articulators - what are they? |
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Definition
| Tongue, mandible, soft palate, lips, cheeks |
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Term
| Immobile articulators - what are they? |
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Definition
| Hard palate, alveolar ridges, teeth |
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Term
| What determines the resonant frequency of a cavity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the process on the outer surface of the maxilla just above the teeth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the palatine process? |
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Definition
| Lateral surface of Maxilla bone |
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Term
| Where does the maxillary sinus open? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bones constitute the hard palate? |
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Definition
| Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone |
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Term
| Proportionally, how much of the palate is hard/soft? |
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Definition
| 3/4 is the hard palate, the posterior 25% is the soft palate which is a fibromuscular shelf |
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Term
| What junction separates the lateral incisors from the cuspid teeth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the posterior nasal spine of the palatine bone articulate with? |
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Definition
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Term
| The sphenoid bone has an anterior junction with what 3 bones within the pharynx and nasal cavity? |
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Definition
| Ethmoid, palatine and vomer |
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Term
What bone has the following processes:
Pterygoid
Greater wing
Lesser wing |
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Definition
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Term
| Name all the muscles of mastication that attach to the mandible |
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Definition
Lateral pterygoid at condylar process
Temporalis at coronoid process
Medial pterygoid at medial angle
Masster at lateral angle |
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Term
| What bone does the epiglottis attach to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bone delineates the border between sections of the pharynx? |
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Definition
| The hyoid is the junction of the oropharynx and the hypo (laryngo)pharynx |
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Term
| What features delineate the posterior border of the tongue? |
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Definition
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Term
| The membrane on the inner surface of the cheek is known as the... |
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Definition
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Term
| The oral cavity contains two arches, what are their names? |
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Definition
| Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal |
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Term
| What is the name of the cavity that contains the lower lip frenulum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathology of what muscles causes "Sylvester Stallone mouth"? |
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Definition
| Depressor anguli oris and depressor labii inferioris |
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Term
| What 3 features of the lip and nose are highly important aesthetically and may be deformed by a cleft lip? |
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Definition
| Colmella nasi, philtrum and cupid's bow |
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Term
| What's the difference between the epithelium of the skin, buccal mucosa and trachea? |
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Definition
| Skin is stratified and has a keratin layer. The buccal mucosa and lining of the oropharynx is stratified with no keratin. The trachea is pseudostratified with no keratin. |
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Term
| What are the 3 salivary glands? |
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Definition
| Parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
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Term
| Where are the vallecula located? |
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Definition
| Posterior to the tongue, just anterior to the pharyngeal portion |
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Term
| What is the origin of the transverse muscle of the tongue? |
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Definition
| The central sulcus or median fibrous septum |
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Term
| How many types of tonsil are there? |
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Definition
| Three - lingual, pharyngeal (adenoid) and palatine |
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Term
| How is the tongue joined to the mandible? |
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Definition
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Term
| What form the sidewalls of the nose? |
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Definition
| Three conchae or turbinate bones |
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Term
| Name the four different pairs of paranasal sinuses |
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Definition
| Frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid |
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Term
| Which sinus may be penetrated by the roots of upper molars |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the common chamber of the respiratory and digestive tracts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the extent of the pharnyx |
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Definition
| From the skull base to C6 |
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Term
| What are the three sections of the pharynx? |
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Definition
| Nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx |
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Term
| Name the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx |
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Definition
| stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus |
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Term
| What are the three ring-shaped muscles of the pharynx and their attachments? |
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Definition
The superior pharyngeal constrictor which arises from the pterygomandibular raphe.
The middle pharyngeal constrictor which arises from the hyoid bone.
The inferior pharyngeal constrictor which arises from the thyroid and cricoid cartilage. |
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Term
| What are the two parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor? |
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Definition
| Thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus |
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Term
| What is the midline pharyngeal raphe? |
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Definition
| It is the posterior attachment point for all the pharyngeal constrictors except the cricopharyngus. |
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Term
| What is the default state of the cricopharyngeus? |
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Definition
| It is usually constricted |
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Term
| Where is Killian's dehiscence? |
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Definition
| Above the cricopharyngeus and below the superior and middle constrictors, the posterior pharyngeal wall consists only of the thyropharyngeus, which is weak and a possible site of diverticules. |
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Term
| PLACEHOLDER - GAPS BETWEEN CONSTRICTORS |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the pharynx innervated? |
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Definition
| By the glossopharyngeal nerve (9 - for the stylopharyngeus) and the vagus nerve (everything else) |
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Term
| Where do the Eustachian tubes open into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of cavity bounded anteriorly by the posterior third of the tongue up to the circumvallate papillae? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the valleculae formed? |
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Definition
| Between the root of the tongue and the epiglottis are three glossoepiglottic folds. The two spaces between them are valleculae |
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Term
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Definition
| They are the passages between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches |
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Term
| What lies between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The protective ring of lymphatic tissue (tonsils) that surround the naso- and oropharynx, playing an important role in immune response |
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Term
| Where are the pyriform sinuses? |
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Definition
| Medial to the thyroid cartilage |
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Term
| What muscles interact with the soft palate? |
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Definition
| The tensor veli palatini and the levator palatini, the palatoglossus and the palatopharyngeus muscles. The musculus uvulae. |
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Term
| What are the functions of the tensor veli palatini? |
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Definition
| It tenses the muscles of the soft palate to allow other muscles to act upon it. It also allows the eustachian tube to open |
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Term
| What are the functions of the levator veli palatini? |
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Definition
| It is the main muscle part of the soft palate that elevates it and helps close off the nose from the oropharynx during swallowing. |
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Term
| What are the functions of the palatoglossus muscle? |
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Definition
| It pulls up the back of the tongue to approximate it to the soft palate, closing off the oral cavity from the pharynx. |
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Term
| What are the functions of the palatopharyngeus muscle? |
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Definition
| It pulls the pharyngeal wall up during swallowing and helps close off the nasal cavity from the pharynx. |
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Term
| What is the normal state of the soft palate during speech? |
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Definition
| It is normally raised by the LVP muscles for articulation |
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Term
| PLACEHOLDER PASSAVANTS RIDGE |
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Definition
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Term
| What pierces the buccinator? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of saliva is produced by the parotid gland? |
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Definition
| Thin and serous to lubricate the food bolus |
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Term
| Where do the submandibular glands open? |
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Definition
| The oral cavity, adjacent to the lingual frenulum |
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Term
| What do the submandibular glands produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pierces the buccinator? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of saliva is produced by the parotid gland? |
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Definition
| Thin and serous to lubricate the food bolus |
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Term
| Where do the submandibular glands open? |
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Definition
| The oral cavity, adjacent to the lingual frenulum |
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Term
| What do the submandibular glands produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the sublingual glands open? |
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Definition
| Various ducts into the submandibular ducts and oral cavity |
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Term
| What do the sublingual glands produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 7 functions of saliva? |
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Definition
Lubricating for speech
Antibacterial
Acidic buffer
Digestive (amalyse)
Hygienic (remove food particles)
Lubricate the bolus
Solvent to stimulate the taste buds |
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Term
| How are salivary secretions controlled? |
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Definition
| Neurally, both simple and conditioned |
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Term
| Are nutrients absorbed in the mouth? |
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Definition
| Not normally, though medications can be absorbed under the tongue. |
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Term
| What are the four types of tooth and how many roots does each have? |
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Definition
| Incisor -1. Cuspid -1. Bicuspid -2. Molar -3. |
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Term
| When do children develop decidious teeth? |
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Definition
| Between 6/9 and 24 months. 10 per arch. |
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Term
| When do the third molars erupt? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is class 1 occlusion? |
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Definition
| Molars line up, maxillary incisors overlap mandibular. |
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Term
| What is class 1 malocclusion? |
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Definition
| Molars line up, incisors are at abnormal position. |
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Term
| What is class 2 malocclusion? |
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Definition
| Overbite by at least 1 molar. |
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Term
| What is class 3 malocclusion? |
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Definition
| Underbite by at least 1 molar. |
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