Term
| What is the examiners PD reduced to when using the BIO? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the field of view offered with the BIO? |
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Definition
| Wide field of view, > 25 degrees |
|
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Term
| What type of image is created by the BIO? |
|
Definition
| Real, arial, inverted, and reversed |
|
|
Term
| How many diopters of accomodation are needed when using the BIO? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Is a BIO lens spherical or aspherical? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the white surface is toward the patient, is this the most curved or least curved surface? |
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Definition
| The least curved surface; Always hold the most curved surface toward you. |
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Term
| What are two functions of the multi layered AR coating of the BIO lense? |
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Definition
| Decrease reflections and allow more light through the lens |
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|
Term
| What color light does the yellow lens filter on the bio block? |
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Definition
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Term
What type of cloth should you not use on the bio to clean or dry it? |
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Definition
| Facial tissue may scratch the lens |
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|
Term
| Which lens filter is good because it creates no color distortion on the bio? |
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Definition
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|
Term
How does a yellow filter alter the percept of white lesions or pale discs on the retina? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we tell the patient when he asks why we do the BIO procedure? |
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Definition
| Evaluate the peripheral fundus for retinal tears, detachments, infections, or inflammation |
|
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Term
| What types of conditions would be potentially contraindicative for the BIO procedure? |
|
Definition
| retinal disease, epilepsy, migraine sufferers |
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Term
| What do you use a +16D lens with a bio for? |
|
Definition
| posterior pole and optic disc evaluation |
|
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Term
| What do you use the high power +25 to +40 lens for with a BIO? |
|
Definition
| poor dilation and media opacities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| midway between the anterior and posterior poles |
|
|
Term
| What two structures are joined at the ora serrata? |
|
Definition
the retina and ciliary body |
|
|
Term
| What do you call the posterior surface of the ciliary body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vein drains the inferior and superior opthalmic arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the vortex vein drain? |
|
Definition
| the inferior and superior opthalmic arteries |
|
|
Term
| Which nerve innervates the posterior sclera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve innervates the anterior sclera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What artery supplies the macular region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure marks the anterior margin of the retina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the optic nerve pale? |
|
Definition
| exposure from the lamina cribrosa and loss of glial tissue |
|
|
Term
| What do you call a small central cup? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you call a larger and deeper central cup? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layer of the optic nerve is visible with a direct opthalmoscope or fundus evaluation and is nourished by astrocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layer of the optic nerve is only visible in the central optic cup? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layer consists of lamina cribrosa and nerve fiber bundles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the color of the neuroretinal rim? |
|
Definition
| orange/pink with a uniform width |
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum area of color contrast or the area of the optic disc lacking blood vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the bending of the vasculature as the vessels cross the optic disc? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the subretinal space? |
|
Definition
| inner to the RPE, or between the RPE and the ganglion cell layer of the retina |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the RPE? |
|
Definition
| pump water and ions out of the subretinal space |
|
|
Term
| When would you notice a subluxated lens, iris supported IOL, exfoliation or pigmentary glaucoma, or synechiae when deciding whether or not to dilate a patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you check the IOP if you decide to dilate a patient with case history or biomicroscopy flags? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent phenylephrine do we use in clinic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does phenylephrine cycloplege the patient? |
|
Definition
| No, phenylephrine doesn't effect accomodation but it does dilate. It's a mydriatic. Not a full dilation but sometimes good enough. |
|
|
Term
| What muscle does phenylephrine contract? |
|
Definition
| the radial muscle of the iris |
|
|
Term
| How long does phenylephrine dilation last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When would you use 0.5% tropicamide? |
|
Definition
| a light eyed patient or someone you don't want to have dilated too long |
|
|
Term
| What muscle does tropicamide act on? |
|
Definition
| It relaxes the circular muscles of the iris and ciliary muscle |
|
|
Term
| How long will a tropicamide dilation last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What dilation drug is primarily used with kids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does cyclopentolate dilation last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only dilation drug available as an ointment as well? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of atropine overdose? |
|
Definition
1. dry mouth
2. constipation
3. clumsiness/unsteadiness
4. tachycardia
5. hallucinations
6. skin rash |
|
|
Term
| Are dilating agents contraindicative to patients with brain damage, Down's syndrome, glaucoma, or spastic paralysis? |
|
Definition
| Not necessarily, but they may get more side effects |
|
|
Term
| Do you give children atropine topically in the lower cul de sac for uveitis more often than adults? |
|
Definition
| Yes, 1-3 times daily for children and 1-2 times daily for adults |
|
|
Term
| What is the main symptom to watch for in the event you closed his angle? |
|
Definition
1) nausea and vomitting
2) frontal headache and pain
3) colored halos around lights |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat a closed angle? |
|
Definition
1) topical glaucoma meds
2) oral glaucoma meds if urgent
than after the pressure has been brought down to 30 mmHg or below
topical steroids
topical miotics |
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