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| adult normal classification |
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| mild (grade 1) hyoertension, adults |
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| grade 2 hypertension, adult |
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| grade 3, severe hypertension |
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| isolated systolic hypertension, adult |
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| isolated systolic hypertension with widened pulse pressure |
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| 5 common antihypertensive drugs and suffixes |
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| ACE inhibitors (-pril) , beta-adrenergic blockers (-olol), calcium channel blockers (veraprimil, hydrochloride, -dipine), diuretics, vasodiltors |
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| 5 physiological factors affecting aterial blood pressure |
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| cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood volume, viscosity, elasticity |
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| action of ACE inhibitors + 2 effects |
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lower BP by blocking the conversion of angiotension I to angiotension II (reduces the production of angiotension converting enzyme).
Effect:
1) Prevent vasoconstriction (decrease resistance)
2) Reduce aldosterone production and fluid retention, therefore lowering circulating blood volume |
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| action of Beta-adrenergic blocker + effects |
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| action of beta-adrenergic blocker |
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| Blocks response to sympathetic nerve impulses by combining with receptors in heart, arterioles and arteries. This action reduces heart rate and therefore CO |
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| action of calcium-cannel blockers |
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reduce peripheral vacular resistance by systemic vasodilation.
* Ca aids heart and smooth muscle cells to contract. Reduce Ca= less contracting, more relaxation in blood vessels
More info:http://www.patient.co.uk/health/calcium-channel-blockers-leaflet |
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| reduce reabsorption of sodium and water in kidney. Therefore lowering blood volume and blood pressure |
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| Causes relaxation on arteriolar smooth muscle to cause relaxation and reduce peripheral resistance |
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