Term
| What breed most commonly has pigmentary uveitis? |
|
Definition
(immune mediated uveitis)
Golden Retrievers |
|
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Term
| What breed most commonly has Uveodermatological syndrome? |
|
Definition
Akitas
(immune mediated disease towards the melanin) |
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Term
| What breed most commonly has Uveal cysts? |
|
Definition
Golden retrievers
Great danes
(remember you should be able to see through the cyst, otherwise it might be neoplasia) |
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Term
| What breed most commonly has Persistent pupillary membranes ? |
|
Definition
Basenjis
this is an inherited disease and they should not be bred |
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Term
| Primary Angle closure glaucoma is more common in males or females? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What breed most commonly has Primary open angle glaucoma? |
|
Definition
| Beagles, norweigen elk hounds |
|
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Term
| What breed most commonly has primary lens luxation? |
|
Definition
(zonular defects- Aphakic cresents - that can lead to glaucoma)
Terriers, mini schnauzers, poodles |
|
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Term
| What breed most commonly has Progressive retinal atrophy? |
|
Definition
Poodles and Cocker spaniels and abysinnian cats
-- this is inherited, so dont breed them! |
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Term
| What type of dog most commonly has SARDS (sudden acquired retinal dystrophy syndrome)? |
|
Definition
Middle aged
female
mildly obese
Pu/PD
(these dogs will have sluggish PLRs and a flat ERG) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in 85% of collies
bilateral, asymmetric anomaly/hypoplasia of the choroid (+/- retina and optic nerve) |
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Term
| What breed most commonly has Retinal dysplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What breed most commonly has Optic nerve head hypoplasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What breed most commonly has masticatory myositis? |
|
Definition
| german shepards, weimeraners (maybe) |
|
|
Term
| What breed most commonly has Extraocular Polymyositis? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What breed most commonly has conformational entropion? |
|
Definition
Shar pei
chow chow
lab
rottweiler
golden retriever
bulldog
st. bernard |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common tumor of the eye in dogs? |
|
Definition
Meibomian gland adenoma
(benign) |
|
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Term
| What breed most commonly has corneal dermoids? |
|
Definition
St. bernards
daushunds
dalmations
(= congenital overgrowth of normal tissue, tx = superficial keratectomy) |
|
|
Term
| What breed most commonly has Chronic superficial keratitis/Pannus? |
|
Definition
German shepard (purebreds and mixes)
greyhounds
(stroma infiltrated by plasma cells and lymphocytes, tx = corticosteroids and cyclosporine) |
|
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Term
| What breed most commonly has imperforate punctate? |
|
Definition
Cocker spaniels
Golden retrievers
mini poodles |
|
|
Term
| What breed most commonly has Equine recurring uveitis? |
|
Definition
Apaloosa
draft breeds
- this is often in association with lepto |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of tumor in the equine eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ocular lesions would be seen with vitamin E deficiency in horses? |
|
Definition
Honeycomb fundus
(often associated with motor neuron disease) |
|
|
Term
| What lesions are seen with Equine Ischemic Optic neuropathy? |
|
Definition
axoplasmic accumulations surrounding optic nerve
(this is a pathologic sign) |
|
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Term
| What other disease is most often found concurrent with hypertensive retinopathy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common tumor of the eye in cats? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is the treatment for Uveodermatologic syndrome? |
|
Definition
TX: topical/Systemic Corticosteroids, NSAIDS, Azathioprine
This is an autoimmune disease directed at the melanin, more commonly in the Akita, OES, Husky, Golden and Irish setter |
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Term
| What is the treatment for Hyphema ? |
|
Definition
Tx: topical corticosteroids, topical atropine, tissue plasminogen
this is when there is blood in the anterior chamber |
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Term
| What is the treatment for Posterior lens luxation? |
|
Definition
| Tx: miotics to constrict pupil and prevent it from luxating anteriorly |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Anterior lens luxation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Glaucoma? |
|
Definition
TX:
hyperosmotic agents (IV mannitol, PO glycerin
Beta blocker TIMOLOL (reduces aqueous production)
Topical CA inhibitors (Dorzolamide/Brinzolamide)
Prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost - moves aqueous fluid through unconventional outflow via sclera) |
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|
Term
| What is the primary use of Latanoprost in optic medicine? |
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Definition
| It is a prostaglandin analog that can be used with glaucoma to rapidly decrease IOP by increasing the uveal scleral outflow pathway |
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|
Term
| What is Timolol and what is its primary use in optic medicine? |
|
Definition
| It is a beta blocker that reduces the production of aqueous humor. This can be used to reduce the IOP in cases of Glaucoma |
|
|
Term
What are Dorzolamide/brinzolamide?
What is their primary use in optic medicine? |
|
Definition
| These are carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors, which will reduce the production of aqueous humor. This can be used to reduce the IOP in Glaucoma. |
|
|
Term
| What is demecarium bromide and how is it primarily used in optic medicine? |
|
Definition
| It is a parasympathomimetic that can be used in combination with timolol to prophylactically treat glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Lens-induced uveitis? |
|
Definition
| antiinflammatories and topical steroids |
|
|
Term
| What is the prophylactic therapy for glaucoma? |
|
Definition
| demecarium bromide and topical timolol. |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for SARDS? |
|
Definition
Intravitreal immunogloulin injection
- this has a low success rate, the animal will have no ERG and sudden blindness |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for retrobulbar abscesses? |
|
Definition
| Antibiotics and corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Masticatory myositis? |
|
Definition
| immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids, azathioprine |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Extraocular polymyositis? |
|
Definition
| Corticosteroids and azothioprine |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for proptosis of the globe? |
|
Definition
| Systemic antibiotics, corticosteroids, topical ab, warm compress, e-collar, temporary tarrsoraphy |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Keratinoconjunctivitis Sicca? |
|
Definition
-Lacrostimulants (cyclosporine or tacrolimus, policarpine)
- Acetylcystine
- NO STEROIDS or ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES |
|
|
Term
| What is Pilocarpine and what is its primary use in optic medicine? |
|
Definition
| It is a cholinergic agent that is indicated for neurogenic cases of KCS, but is rarely used anymore |
|
|
Term
| What is tacrolimus and what is its primary use in optic medicine? |
|
Definition
It is a immunomodulator that inhibits t cell activation, has anti-inflammatory properties, and STIMULATES LACRIMATION
- used to treat KCS, pannus |
|
|
Term
| What is cyclosporine A and what is its primary use in optic medicine? |
|
Definition
It is an immunomodulator that inhibits t cell activation, has anti-inflammatory properties and STIMULATES LACRIMATION.
- USed to treat KCS, pannus |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Pannus? |
|
Definition
Topical corticosteroids, topical cyclosporine, subconjunctival corticosteroids, and beta radiation
----this condition cannot truely be cured |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for superficial corneal ulcer? |
|
Definition
| Topical antibiotics (NeoPolyGram), topical atropine |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for uncomplicated corneal ulcer? |
|
Definition
| topical broad spectrum antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Spontaneous chronic canine epithelial defect? |
|
Definition
GRID KERATOTOMY
topical atropine post op |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Complicated/non healing ulcers? |
|
Definition
tropical atropine
- this dilates the pupil and relieves reflux uveitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for deep stromal corneal ulcers (ie. desmentoceles)? |
|
Definition
| corneal scraping, antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for feline glaucoma? |
|
Definition
Topical carbonic annhydrase inhibitors (dorzolamide)
no latanoprost !! |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for feline hypertensive retinopathy? |
|
Definition
Calcium channel blockers like amlodopine to reduce blood pressure
systemic and topical steroids if uveitis associated |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for equine Superficial corneal ulcers? |
|
Definition
Topical broad spectrum antibiotics, atropine, systemic anti-inflammatory,
---no steroids |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for equine complicated ulcers? |
|
Definition
subpalpebral lavages
topical abx (ofloxacin, cefazolin)
NSAIDS (flunixin)
Atropine |
|
|
Term
| What is acetylcystine and what is its primary use in optic medicine? |
|
Definition
mucinolytic, anticollagenase agent
Used with KCS and other ocular disorders to facilitate the removal of copious exudates |
|
|
Term
| What are some treatments for tear film deficiencies? |
|
Definition
If lipid: lipid substitues, warm compresses, abx
If mucin: cyclosporine, artifical tears
also: doxycycline, omega 3s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluorescein dye is placed in the eye, nose held downwards for 5 minutes
- if dye runs out the nose, then the nasolacrimal duct is patent (+) |
|
|
Term
| How would you treat an everted third eyelid cartilage? |
|
Definition
common in giant breed dogs - where the stem/neck/"t" of the cartilage is bent
TX: surgery - electrocautery on teh POSTERIOR surface to cause contracture |
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