Term
| What two infectious diseases of the oral cavity are commonly diagnosed utilizing exfoliative cytology? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three clinical variations of recurrent aphthus stomatitis and what is the difference between the three? |
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Definition
- Major: large, multiple ulcers w/ red halo and yellowish membrane throughout moveable mucosa.
- Minor: 1-3 small ulcers w/ red halo and yellowish membrane throughout moveable mucosa.
- Herpetiform: multiple small lesions that are grouped together.
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Term
| Please list four different clinical presentation types of oral candidiasis. What is the color of the lesions in each presentation? |
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Definition
- Acute pseudomembranous: white
- Chronic hyperplasia: white
- Acute atrophic: red
- Angular chelitis: red
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Term
| List three viral diseases that are caused by herpes virus that produce vesicles, a way that each are similar and a way that each are different. |
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Definition
- herpes simplex I
- herpes simplex II
- Varicella-Zoster
Each are similar in that the virus will inhabit a ganglion after the primary infection.
They each (usually) target a different location, ie vesicles first emerge in different areas of the body.
HSV I - oral cavity
HSV II - genitalia
Varicella - trunk + spread to face + extremities. |
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Term
| What are three different oral diseases caused by human papilloma virus (PHV) and a feature of each. |
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Definition
- Squamous papilloma: pedunculated lesions with papillary projections that are white -> pink in oral cavity.
- Verruca Vulgaris: sessile lesions with broad base seen around lips + in oral cavity.
- Condyloma Acuminatum: maculopapular lesions in genitalia area. May be bulbous mass or nodular papule.
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Term
| What are three examples of Coxsackie virus infection and what are the clinical differences between the three? |
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Definition
- Herpangina: vesicles -> ulcerations. small in size throughout oral cavity.
- Hand, Foot, Mouth disease: vesicular lesions on hands + feet + ulcers present in oral cavity.
- Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis: papules that are white -> yellowish w/ no vesicular formation.
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Term
| What are the three clinical stages of acquired syphilis and the oral lesions that may be seen in each stage? |
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Definition
primary: chancre: multiple lesions with gray-white membrane.
secondary: mucous membrane: split papule.
tertiary: gumma: granulomatous inflammation w/ necrotic center. |
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Term
Name the major disease that we discussed that is caused by acid-fast bacillus. What head & neck lesion might be seen with this disease?
Name another disease |
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Definition
- Tuberculosis
- Scrofula: cervical and submandibular lymph nodes
- Leprosy - usually attacks cooler areas on body -> extremities. Oral lesions -> ulcerative lesions
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Term
| What infection is associated with "sulfur granules"? What are "sulfur granules" in this context? |
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Definition
- Actinomycosis
- Bacterial colonies
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Term
| What is the most common life threatening fungal infection in AIDS patients and what type of skin lesions may be seen? |
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Definition
- crytococcus
- erythematous ulcers
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Term
| You have a patient who has "denture sore mouth" that you strongly suspect is caused by candidiasis. In addition to prescribing oral antifungals, what else do you have to direct the patient to do? |
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Definition
- Make sure to take out denture at night and leave it in a denture cleaning material in order to remove fungus from denture surfaces.
- Clean often!
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Term
| What is the diagnostic technique of choice for the diagnosis of oral candidiasis? |
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Definition
| The diagnostic technique of choice for oral candidiasis is taking a smear & looking at it under the microscope for fungal hyphae. |
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Term
| List three different types of physical or chemical injuries that may cause a white lesion in the oral cavity and the common location of each. |
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Definition
- Linea alba - buccal mucosa in area of occlusal plane.
- Morsicatio buccarum - buccal mucosa/ may occur whenever the person can chew on their cheek.
- Hyperkeratosis due to smokeless tobacco - gingiva & facial mucosa - wherever the person holds the tobacco.
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Term
What rhinocerebral form of a fungal disease is associated with diabetes, infarction of tissue, and "black necrosis"?
What is the most common life threatening fungal infection in AIDS patients and what type of skin lesions may be seen? |
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Definition
- Zygomycosis (mucormycosis)
- Cryptococcus - ulcerated skin lesions.
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Term
| List three types of fungal infection (other than candidiasis) of the head and neck that were discussed in class and a distinctive fact about each type of infection. |
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Definition
- Histoplasmosis - Mississippi valley fever - from inhaling spores in bird droppings. Can clinically look like SCC. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, low grade fever, pulmonary infection
- Blastomycosis - uncommon - more common in males, can look like SCC (esp hyperplasia).
- Cryptococcus - lives in pigeon gut w/o harming them. Important in immunocompromised as they are more susceptible (AIDS, etc).
- Mucormycosis - uncontrolled diabetes susceptible. Can lead to black necrosis due to invasion of blood vessels.
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Term
| List three different chronic complicatiosn, in the clinical area of interest of a dentist, that may be associated with antineoplastic treatment. |
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Definition
- xerostomia
- osteonecrosis
- epithelial changes - normal cells are likely to die along w/ cancer cells - can impede healing or cause ulcerations.
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Term
| What are three forms of lesions that are caused by submucosal hemorrhage and what is the difference between them? |
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Definition
- Petechiae - small hemorrhage usually caused by violent cough, trauma, sexual acts.
- Purpura - slightly bigger than petechiae, but less than 2 cm.
- Hematoma - area of pooled blood much greater than 2 cm.
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Term
| List four different colored lesions (other than white) of the oral cavity that may be associated with physical or chemical injuries and their typical color. |
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Definition
- Petechiae - tiny hemorrhages - red or blue/black on hard/soft palate - violent coughing, oral sex trauma.
- Amalgam tattoo - while removing amalgam, tiny chunks could get embedded in gingiva & cause gray coloring.
- Lead poisoning - gray line on gingiva - due to water or industrial exposure.
- Electrical burn - usually an arc burn - can turn lips a yellowish color (fibrin pururlent color) or can also be black (necrosis).
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Term
| What are two ways that aphthous lesions are different from recurrent herpetic lesions? |
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Definition
- on movable mucosa - non keratinized surfaces herpetic lesions are on unmovable areas (up, gingiva).
- Aphthous lesions are round with a yellow fibrinopurulent membrane center and erythematous border - herpetic lesions are vesicular & blister like -> not distinctly round.
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Term
| List four systemtic processes that may be associated with oral granulomatous inflammation |
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Definition
- Crohn's disease.
- Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
- Hairy cell leukoplakia
- Sarcoidosis
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Term
| List three facts about sarcoidosis |
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Definition
- acute sarcoidosis - Heerfordt's syndrome. Includes parotid enlargement, fever, anterior uveitis, and Bell's palsy.
- acute sarcoidosis - Lofgren's syndrome. Includes arthralgia, erythema nodosum (bumpy red skin).
- etiology unknown.
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Term
| What and where is the usual oral lesion associated with smokeless tobacco use? What is the association between smokeless tobacco use and cancer? |
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Definition
- Lesion can be filmy white to white & wrinkled depending on how long the person has been using smokeless tobacco.
- Lesion is found at the site where the smokeless tobacco is held in the mouth.
- Associated with tooth loss and w/ verrucous carcinoma.
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