Term
| What is the genetic nature of corneal dystrophies? |
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Definition
| autosomal dominant; therefore family members will often also be afflicted |
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Term
| What are the three most common corneal dystrophies? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy |
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Definition
| subtle 'fingerprint' or 'maplike' breakdown of epithelium |
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Term
|
Definition
mild: irritation in morning
moderate: glare, chronic irritation
Severe: reduction in VA, quite painful. Spontaneous epithelial erosions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the potential worst case SE of severe EBMD? |
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Definition
| Can lead to permanent damage to cornea |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of a spontaneous epithelial erosion? |
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Definition
| Hemidesmosomes break allowing epithelium to peel off of stroma/bowmans |
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Term
| What is the tx for mild EBMD? |
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Definition
hypertonic 5% NaCl at night
lubricate |
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Term
| What is the tx for moderate EBMD? |
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Definition
| hypertonic NaCl sol'n; prophylactic AB; homatropine |
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Term
| What is the tx for severe EBMD? |
|
Definition
Debride loose epithelium
hypertonic sol'n
bandage CL
prophylactic AB
May need anterior stromal puncture |
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Term
| What is anterior stromal puncture? |
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Definition
| using a 30ga needle to 'spot weld' the epithelium back onto the stroma for spontaneous epithelial erosions |
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Term
| Is there a cure for EBMD? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Meesman's Juvenile Epithelial Dystrophy? |
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Definition
| cysts or vesicles in epithelium; a juvenile variant of EBMD. |
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Term
| What are the Bowman's layer dystrophies? |
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Definition
| Reis-Buckler's and Anterior Mosaic dystrophy |
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Term
| What is Reis-Buckler dystrophy? |
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Definition
| irregular opaque pattern or 'fishnet' pattern. |
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Term
| What are the SE of Reis-Buckler's dystrophy? |
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Definition
| recurrent epithelial erosion, stromal opacification |
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Term
| What is the tx for Reis-Buckler's dystrophy? |
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Definition
| keratoplasty, low vision lenses, erosion tx |
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Term
| What is Anterior Mosaic Dystrophy? |
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Definition
| gray polygonal opacities in central cornea |
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Term
| What are the three Anterior stromal dystrophies? |
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Definition
| Granular, Lattice, and Crystalline dystrophy |
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Term
| What is granular dystrophy? |
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Definition
| looks like salt grains in corneal stroma |
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Term
| What are the SE of granular dystrophy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the tx of granular dystrophy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Lattice Dystrophy? |
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Definition
| refractile lines in anterior stroma, in severe cases can appear like ground glass |
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Term
| What are the SE of lattice dystrophy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the tx of lattice dystrophy? |
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Definition
keratoplasty generally by age 40
RCE tx
LV aids |
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Term
| What is a common DDX of lattice dystrophy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is crystalline dystrophy? |
|
Definition
| white to yellow 'glitter' in a ring around central cornea |
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Term
| What is crystalline dystrophy often associated with? |
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Definition
| Hypercholesterolemia w/ arcus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fat deposits in the eyelids, indicates high cholesterol, often seen with crystalline dystrophy |
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Term
| What is the tx for crystalline dystrophy? |
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Definition
| visually asymptomatic, refer for CV workup to check lipid levels |
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Term
| What is macular dystrophy? |
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Definition
| diffuse clouding of cornea due to elevated sugar levels |
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Term
| What is the tx for macular dystrophy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the SE of macular dystrophy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Central thinning of cornea, increased refractive power of cornea, thinning and bulging seen |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of keratoconus? |
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Definition
| Unknown, but an enzymal cascade --> toxicity is suspected |
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Term
| What is the prevalence of keratoconus? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the SE of keratoconus? |
|
Definition
Severe refractive error, high cylinder.
Cornea may rupture easily |
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Term
|
Definition
| looks like cat scratches on back of cornea, seen in keratonus |
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Term
|
Definition
| posterior corneal break leading to excess fluid in cornea. NO Tx available. |
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Term
| What are the tx of keratoconus? |
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Definition
anti-edema tx
keratoplasty
refractive correction |
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Term
| What is commonly seen in retinoscopy on keratoconus pt's? |
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Definition
| dewdrop' or 'oil droplet' in retroillumination |
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Term
| What is an intrastromal corneal ring? |
|
Definition
| an implanted ring that stabilizes the stroma to treat keratoconus |
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Term
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Definition
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