Term
Subretinal hemorrhages are located between ____ and _____ or between ____ and _____ |
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Definition
RPE and sensory retina RPE and Bruch's |
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Term
| What is another name for a dot blot hemorrhage? |
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Definition
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Term
| When using a red free filter, a dot blot hemorrhage should be _____ (______ ______). If you have a pigmentary change associated with RPE and you use your red free filter the hemorrhage should ______ ( ) |
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Definition
1. highlighted (appear darker) 2. disappear (lighten up) |
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Term
| When looking through your BIO with a red free filter the ___ acts like a wall that you cannot see past. Everything in front of the ____ should be ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| How are dot blot hemorrhages different from flame shaped hemorrhages? |
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Definition
| Flame shaped hemorrhages arise in the superficial capillary bed. |
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Term
| What underlying disease condition would one suspect if you see a unilateral dot blot hemorrhage? |
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Definition
carotid stenosis of the ipsilateral eye CRVO BRVO |
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Term
| What underlying disease condition would one expect if he sees a bilateral dot blot hemorrhage? |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ subretinal hemorrhage usually appears bright red in color. |
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Definition
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Term
| A subretinal heme usually presents as a ______ area and is usually the result of ______ ( ) |
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Definition
lobulated CNV (Choroidal neovascular membrane) |
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Term
| What are two subjective signs of subretinal hemorrhages? |
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Definition
Decreased acuity Central scotoma as the body reabsorbs the blood it leaves significant scar tissue
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Term
| What is a potential treatment of subretinal hemorrhages if caught early enough? |
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Definition
| intravitreal injection with avastin, macugen, or lucentis etc. to reduce scarring and help improve the visual outcome |
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Term
| ____ is choroidal neovascualrization within the choriocapillaris area that develops quickly causing a sudden loss of vision. |
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Definition
| CNV (choroidal neovascular membrane) |
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Term
| What is a common etiology of subretinal hemorrhages? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of vitreous hemorrhage is associated with posterior vitreal detachment? In this type of hemorrhage blood is in between the ______ and the _____. |
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Definition
retrovitreal hemorrhage internal limiting membrane hyaloid membrane |
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Term
| In what type of vitreal hemorrhage is the vitreous still attached to the retina and bleeding into the vitreous is probably the reult of neovascularization? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of intravitreal detachment? |
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Definition
NVE (neovascularization elswhere) NVD (neovascularization of the disc) |
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Term
Why is it easier for neovascularization to occur at the optic disc? |
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Definition
| The internal limiting membrane layer of the retina is not present as it is outside the disc. |
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Term
| A _____ ____ can be seen inferiorly with a BIO over time in the case of a vitreous hemorrhage. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the best thereapy for a vitreal heme? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three possible treatments of a vitreal hemorrhage? |
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Definition
time (weeks to months) best one total or partial vitrectomy avastin or lucentin injection to help absorb blood
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Term
| How are dot blot hemorrhages the same as exudative changes? How are they different? |
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Definition
| 1) Both dot blot hemorrhages and exudative changes displace tissue, but only in exudative changes is damage tissue and effect VA. |
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Term
| What do you call the axonal fibers of the photoreceptors at the macula that must take an oblique course to synapse with the displaced ganglion cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call the space occupying debris derived from the breakdown of the deep capillary bed that causes the underlying retinal tissue to become nonfunctional over time? |
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Definition
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Term
How can exudates be treated? |
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Definition
| First treat the underlying problem such as a micro or macro aneurysm, then use photocooagulation to stop the leakage |
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Term
If an exudate reaches the macula and decreases acuity to 20/50 will photocooagulation improve acuity? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you treat a cotton wool spot? |
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Definition
| photodocumentation and close monitoring |
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Term
| How long does it take most cotton wool spots to go away? |
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Definition
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