Term
| Which cervical vertebrae contain uncinate processes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three distinct areas of the cervical spine? |
|
Definition
-Occipital atlanto
-Atlanto-axial
-Typical cervical vertebrae (C2-7) |
|
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Term
| What is the most common vertebral location for herniated disk in the cervical spine? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the primary motion of the occipital atlanto joint? How are sidebending and rotation related in this area of the spine? |
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Definition
Flexion extension
Sidebend and rotate in opposite directions |
|
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Term
| Describe the main from of movement in the atlanto-axial joint? |
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Definition
| Atlanto axial joints main form of movement is rotation. |
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Term
| How are sidebending and rotation related in typical cervicals? |
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Definition
| Flexion and extension and sidebending occur to the same direction. |
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Term
| Describe the opening and closing of facets in the typical cervical vertebrae. |
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Definition
Facets will close in extension
Facets will open in flexion |
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Term
| Give three descriptions of what a chapman's relfex is. |
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Definition
-viscerosomatic reflex
-glangliform contraction that blocks lymphatic drainage, causing inflammation in the tissues distal to the blockage
-neuro-lymphatic relfex |
|
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Term
| What level of the fascia or periosteum are chapman's points located? |
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Definition
| -Deep fascia or periosteum |
|
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Term
| How are chapman's reflexes useful? |
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Definition
-for both treatment and diagnosis
-in the current clinicical setting used more for diagnosis |
|
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Term
| What is the clinical significane of chapman's points? |
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Definition
-early diagnosis
-clinically useful for
-diagnosis of visceral pathology
-enhancing the movment of fluid (lymph)
-influencing visceral function primarily through the nervous system |
|
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Term
| What three things might positive chapman's points inidicate? |
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Definition
-congestion with or without inflammation
-dilation or spasm of a hollow viscus
-mass lesion |
|
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Term
| What are three palpatory characteristics of a chapmans point |
|
Definition
-positive points are usually tneder
-firm and well circuscribed
-chronic points are nontender or less tender and have a rubbery consistency |
|
|
Term
| What does a negative chapmans point indicate? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Describe treatment for a positive chapman's point. |
|
Definition
-treat posterior points
-light rotary massage with your fingertip
-treat 10-30 seconds
-treat 2-3 times per day
-treat pelvic SD prior to treating any reflex points |
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Term
| Why might there not be a change after treatment of a chapmans point? |
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Definition
-pathology is too great for rapid change
-a musculoskeletal factor is maintaining the facilitation faster than it can be dissipated by relex intervention
-pathological process may be temporarily or permanently irreversible
-Incorrect diagnosis-may be a counterstain points |
|
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Term
| If a patient has a small round tender BB size mass located on the posterior arch of their atlas what might this be and what might it indicate? |
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Definition
-Chapman's point-positive
-Middle ear, or sinus pathology |
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Term
| A patient presents with pharyngeal, tonsilar, or tongue pathology where might you check for a positive chapman's point? |
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Definition
| -Posterior- lateral portion of posterior arch of the axis |
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Term
| If a patient has a chapman's point located along the clavicle or first rib what might they have a pathology in? |
|
Definition
Middle ear
sinuses
pharynx
tonsils
tongue |
|
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Term
| If a patient presents with a pathology of the esophagus, thyroid, myocardium, upper lung, lower lungs, or arm where might you check for chapman's points? |
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Definition
| Along the top medial tips of ribs 5,6, and 7. |
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|
Term
| Chapman's point along 9, 10,11 might be inidcative of a pathology with what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Appendacitis might present with a chapmans point where? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Pathology of an adrenal gland or kidney would present with a chapman's reflex where? |
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Definition
| A couple of inches above and to the side of the umbilicus on the side with the pathology (adrenal superior to kidney) |
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|
Term
| If a patient presents with a prostate (broad lig) pathology where might they have a posterior chapman's point? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who developed the theory of primary respiratory mechanism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 components of the Primary Respiratory Mechanism (PRM)? |
|
Definition
-motility of the brain and spinal cord
-fluctuation of the cerebrospinal fluid
-mobility of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes (later called the reciprocal tension membranes RTM)
-mobility of the cranial bones
-involuntary mobility of the sacrum between the ilium |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between inherent motion or mobility? |
|
Definition
Motile-inherent motion-can move under its own power
Mobile-passive or secondary movement-something else can move it |
|
|
Term
| Describe the mosment of the CSF. |
|
Definition
| Formed in the choroid plexus and then circulates through the ventricles over and around the surface of the brain and spinal cord to the subarachnoid spance and cisterna where it is reabsorbed by the arachnoid granules |
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Term
| Where does the inner dural layer have a strong attachment at? What is it continuous with? |
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Definition
| Strong attachment to the foramen magum and then becomes continuous with the dura of the spinal canal. Also has strong attachments to posterior C2,3. and to posterior aspect of the body of S2 |
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|
Term
| Describe CRI in flexion, how the SBS will move, and what the surface of the head will look like. |
|
Definition
-In flexion the SBS risses superiorly
-The occiput expands inferiorly and widens
-the greater wings of the sphrenoid moves inferiorly and widens
-the head will feel fatter and wider in flexion |
|
|
Term
| Describe the movement of CRI in extension, how the SBS will move, and what will be felt on the surface of the skull. |
|
Definition
-SBS will move inferiorly
-occiput moves superiorly and gets thinner
-greater wings or the sphenoid move superiorly and get narrower
-head feels thinner and longer in extension |
|
|
Term
| What can assymmetry of CRI indicate? |
|
Definition
-Cranial base strains
-Cranial bone restrictions
-Cranial membranous strains |
|
|
Term
| External rotation correlations with which SBS movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Internal rotation correlates with which SBS movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pterion is the meeting point of which bones? |
|
Definition
-Parietal
-Sphenoid
-temporal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most protruding part of the posterior occipital protuberance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meeting point of the lamdoial and squamousal suture. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the bregma located? |
|
Definition
| Where the sagital suture meets the coronal suture. |
|
|
Term
| What are some indications for manipulative therapy? |
|
Definition
-headaches, migranes
-sinus congestion, upper respiratory infections
-crania nerve ientrapments, Bells palsy, trigeminal neuralgia, tic dolouroux, blepharospasm
-TMJ dysfunction/facial pain
-Cervical pain form muscular, ligmentous or disc disease
-Mood disorders |
|
|
Term
| What are some contraindications for cranial manipulative therapy? |
|
Definition
-intracranial bleeds/ subdural or epidural hematomas
-Skull or facial fractures-wait 6 weeks
-infections of the brain, dura, or meninges--during acute phase of infection
-caution with sizure disorders
-CNS malignancies |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of primary respiratory mechanisms? |
|
Definition
-Motility of the spinal cord and brain
-fluctuation of the cerebrospinal fluid
-mobility of the intracranial and intraspinal membranes (reciprocal tension membranes RTM)
-mobility of the cranial bondes
-involuntary mobility of the sacrum between the ilium |
|
|
Term
| What is the cranial base? |
|
Definition
| Cranial base is the portion of the skull made up of the sphenoid and the occiput that is formed in cartilaginous bone rather than membrnaous bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Union of tow bones formed by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
Allows for slight movement |
|
|
Term
| What bones does the sphrenoid articulate with? |
|
Definition
-occiput
-temporal
-parietals
-ethmoid
-palatines
-vomer
-zygmoae |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the SBS in flexion? |
|
Definition
| SBS rises superiorly and the sphenoid and occiput rotate in opposite directions about 2 parallel transverse axes |
|
|
Term
| how do the greater wings of the sphenoid move in flexion? |
|
Definition
| Move inferiorly and widen |
|
|
Term
| How does the head feel in flexion of the SBS? |
|
Definition
| Fatter and wider and the greater sphenoid wings move inferiorly |
|
|
Term
| What are the axes of the SBS when it is moveing in flexion extension? |
|
Definition
| 2 parallel transverse axes |
|
|
Term
| How does the SBS move in extension? |
|
Definition
| In extension the SBS will move inferiorly |
|
|
Term
| How do the greater wings of the sphenoid move in extension of the SBS? |
|
Definition
| Greater wings will move superiorly |
|
|
Term
| What are the three physiologic strain patterns? |
|
Definition
-flexion/extension
-torsions (right and left)
-sidebending rotations (right and left) |
|
|
Term
| What are the non physiological strain paters of the cranial base? |
|
Definition
-vertical strains (inferior and superior)
-SBS compression |
|
|
Term
| What are three characteristics of non physiologic strain patterns? |
|
Definition
-usually due to trauma
-abnormal motion
-can distort cranial mobility |
|
|
Term
| If you note multiple cranial base strain patterns how do treat? |
|
Definition
| Treat the most prominent first |
|
|
Term
| What is the axis by which the sphenoid and occiput rotate in an SBS torsion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the skull feel like when a patient presents with a right SBS torsion? |
|
Definition
| The right index finger will move toward you as the right great wing rotates. The left index finger will move away from you. The entire motion will feel like unscrewing the lid from a jar. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the movement of the sphenoid in relation to the occiput in right torsion. |
|
Definition
| If the SBS is experiencing a right torsion the as the right greater wing moves superiorly the right side of the occiput will move inferiorly. |
|
|
Term
| which poirtion of the skull develops from membranous bone? From cartilagenous bone? |
|
Definition
Vault develops from membranous
Cranial base develops from cartilaginous |
|
|
Term
| What bones make up the vault? |
|
Definition
-occiput
-sphenoid
-frontal (paired)
-parietals (paired)
-temporals (paired) |
|
|
Term
| Which bones of the vault will move through flexion and extension for each cycle? |
|
Definition
The midline bones
-sphenoid
-occiput
-ethmoid
-vomer
-mandible
-sacrum |
|
|
Term
| Which bones of the vault will move through external and internal rotation for each cycle? |
|
Definition
-Paired bones
-parietals
-frontal
-temporals
-inferior concha
-lacrimal
-maxilla
-nasal
-palatine
-zygoma |
|
|
Term
| When the midline bones move through flexion how will the paired bones move? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the midline bones are moving in internal rotation how will the paired bonees move? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the occipital bone articulate? |
|
Definition
-atlas at the condyles
-sphenoid at the synchondrosis
-parietal bone at the lambdoidal suture
-temporal bone at the occipitomastoid suture |
|
|
Term
| What are some dysfunctional patterns that appear in the occipital bone. |
|
Definition
-injury to the OA will also negatively influence the occipital
-trauma to the occiput from behind such as from a bat
-muscular dysfunction in the suboccipital region can affect dural membranes
-sutural restriction of the temporal and parietal can affect occipital motion |
|
|
Term
| What class of bones does the sphenoid belong to? What other bone(s) are in this class? |
|
Definition
-Midline (unpaired bones)
-Occipital |
|
|
Term
| What bones does the sphenoid articulate with? |
|
Definition
-occipital at SBS
-temporal bones at tpetrous portion
-ethmoid anteriorly
-palatine bones inferiorly
-greater and lesser wings with the front bone
-vomer inferiorly |
|
|
Term
| Dysfunciton of the sphenoid bone can lead to what problems? Why? |
|
Definition
-Problems with optical, trigeminal, and acoustic disturbances b/c of linkage toCN I-VI
-Endocrine problems b/c of the location of the pituitary
-Trauma with forceps delivery |
|
|
Term
| What bones does the frontal articulate with? |
|
Definition
-Zygomatic
-Parietal
-sphenoid
-ethmoid
-lacrimal
-nasal bones
-zygomae
-maxilla |
|
|
Term
| What are inidiations for the cranial vault lift? |
|
Definition
-hypertensive headaches due to relation of the middle meningeal artery
-children showing impulsive aggressivenss
-cerebrospinal fluid leaving though the arachnoid granulation could be effected by inappropriate dural tension
-headache
-idiopathic epilepsy
-local pain along sutures
-enhances drainage fromt eh superior sagittal sinuses |
|
|
Term
| How does the temporals move with extension? |
|
Definition
| Temporals would internally rotate |
|
|
Term
| Where is the axis of the temporal located? What is it parallel to? |
|
Definition
-axis is through the petrous portion from the jugular surface to the petrous apex
-parallel to the external auditory meatus |
|
|
Term
| What conditions are tied to temporal bone dysfunction? |
|
Definition
-hearing
-balance
-pain
-vagotonia
-strabismus
-dyslexia and reading skills
-CN VII and VIII, trigeminal ganglion, jugular vein, carotid artery, TMJ and eustachian tube can be influences |
|
|
Term
| What are indications for temporal balancing? |
|
Definition
-vertigo
-nausea
-chronic headaches
-recurrent ear infextions
-tinnitus
-optical difficulties
-Bell's palsy
-trigeminal neuralgia |
|
|
Term
| If a patient had hypertonus or contracture of the temporalis muscle what sutures might be restricted? |
|
Definition
-squamosal
-temporoparietal |
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