Term
| A sedative that with high doses can cause convulsions and death |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two drugs that have anti-tussive effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes tachycardia while other opioids cause orthostatic hypotension and bardycardia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pain
anti-tussive (codeine and dextromethorphane are better)
pulmonary edema
anesthesia |
|
|
Term
| morphine pharmacokinetics |
|
Definition
-extensive first pass --> use IM, SC, IV or slow release morphine oral tablets or implanted pumps
-can cross all types of tissues, including BBB and for infants
-conjugated in the liver via glucuronide; metabolites excreted in the urine |
|
|
Term
| pathognomic triad for morphine overdose |
|
Definition
pinpoint pupils
respiratory depression
coma
*adminster opioid antagonist IV as needed |
|
|
Term
| drugs to treat withdrawal symptoms |
|
Definition
methadone
clonidine
buprenorphine
naltrexone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-use for moderate-severe pain
-less potent
-shorter duration
-well absorbed orally (causes CNS excitation/convulsion)
-less pronounced GI, biliary, uterine muscle (less constipation and length of labor)
-anti muscarinic effect (no pinpoint pupil) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-synthetic strong agonists
-rapid onset, short duration
-use with droperidol for surgery and labor
-transdermal patch for CANCER
-lozenge on a stick for breakthrough cancer pain
-inactivated by CYP3A4
|
|
|
Term
| levomethadyl vs. morphine for duration of action and oral activity |
|
Definition
| longer acting and highly effective orally |
|
|
Term
| addiction liability of levomethadyl |
|
Definition
tolerance and physical dependence develops more slowly
withdrawal sx are milder, but more prolonged |
|
|
Term
| used only for treatment of heroin addicts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anti-tussive that are much less potent and higher oral bioavailability than morphine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used with NSAIDS to prevent constipation for mild to moderate pain and cough |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
highly abused #1 killer of drug abusers in sustained release formulations
-tablets used only for opioid tolerant patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used to treat diarrhea
-used with atropine
-low abuse potential bc of atropine cuasing weakness and nausea effects (anti-muscarinic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
k-agonist with weak u-antagonist/partial agonist properties (Mixed Agonists/Antagonists)-Analgesia for moderate-severe pain (oral)
combined with naloxone to discourage injecting iv /dissolve for addicts
-a.e: inc BP and HR, tachycardia, hallucinations-MOA: release NE from symp fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed & partial agonist
20-50x more potent than morphine
MOA: partial u-receptor agonist and k receptor
less severe and shorter duration of withdrawal symptoms
a.e: respiratory depression (naloxone resistant) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
synthetic analgesic agonist at u receptors
inhibits reuptake of NE and Serotonin= increase inhibition of ne, 5ht in pain transmission
a.e: OD >>respiratory depression and increase seizure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
competitive antagonist at u& other opioid receptor: reverse cns depression
Naloxone-rapid first pass metabolism, short duration
Naltrexone-cardiovascular side effects, increase HR, BP, arrhythmias, used for addicts and alcholics
Nalmefene-Only by injection, longer half life than naloxone
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
along with codeine and hydrocodone: antitussive activity is CNS mediated (non-opioid receptor)
metabolized by CYP2D6 to active (dextrophran) |
|
|
