Term
| What areas does Hansen's disease have the highest prevailence |
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Definition
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Term
| Key organism characteristics of M. leprae |
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Definition
AFB
Obligate Intracellular
Grow in cooler temps(Mouse feet, Skin Lesions) |
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Term
| How is M. leprae transmitted? |
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Definition
Prolonged exposure to respiratory secretions
Children are more suseptible
Reservoirs: 9 banded Armidillo, Mouse Footpad |
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Term
| How is M.leprae diagnosed |
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Definition
Smear of Skin, Nasal, Ear or Secretions for AFB
Lepra Cells
Lepromin Test: lepromatous form will be negative |
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Term
How do the tuberculoid and lepromatous forms of leprosy differ based on:
Lepromin Test
AFB Counts
Immune Response
Type of Damage
Lesion Types
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Definition
Lepromin Test: Only positive in Tuberculoid
AFB Count: Low in Tuberculoid
Immune response: Th1 response in Tuberculoid
Type of Damage: Immune-meadiated in tuberculoid, but Direct bacterial in Lepromatous
Lesions: Tuberculoid-Hyperpigmented Macules(plaques), Lepromatous-Nodular(Leonizing), Anesthetic lesions(Face and Fingers) |
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Term
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Definition
Tuberculoid: Dapsone and Rifampin
Lepromatous: Clofazimine and 2 others |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of Borrelia burgdorferi |
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Definition
Spirochete
OspA,OspB Antigens
Complex media required |
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Term
| What are the areas of the US the lyme's disease is more prevailent in? |
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Definition
Northeast
Midwest
Northwest/N. Cali |
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Term
| What is the pathogenesis of B. burgdorferi transmition to humans |
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Definition
Ixodes dammini
Mammalian blood trigers Osp expression
Osp Disseminated organism in Tick(Saliva) |
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Term
| How does B. burgdoferi cause disease in humans and what people exhibit worse forms of the disease? |
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Definition
Bystander Effect of activated Lymphs and Macs
HLA-DR4 and IgG to OSpA develop chronic disease |
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Term
| How does lymes disease typically present |
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Definition
Stage 1: "Bull's Eye" Erythema Marginatum (painless) along with systemic signs
Stage 2: Multiple Annular Rashs, Cranial Nerve Palsy, Flu-like
Stage 3: After months untreated chronic Arthritis and Chronic Neurological problems develop |
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Term
| How do you diagnose Lyme's |
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Definition
2 Step Serology
1)Elisa(Low specificity)
2)Immunoblot for Ab against burgdoferi protein if (+)Elisa |
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Term
| How is Lyme's disease treated |
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Definition
| Doxycycline or Amoxicillin |
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Term
| How is Relapsing Fever transmitted? |
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Definition
Epidemic(Not US)(B.recurrentis): Spread by Lice(Pediculus humanas Corporis or Capitis)
Endemic(Occurs in US)(Borrelia hermsii, Borrelia turicate): Spread by Soft Tick(Ornithodoros) which exhibit transovarily |
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Term
| What are the areas of increased prevailence of relapsing Fever |
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Definition
Epidemic Form: Not US
Endemic Form: Western US |
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Term
| What is the virulence of Borrelia organism that produces Relapsing Fever |
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Definition
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Term
| How does Relapsing Fever typically present? |
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Definition
Fever, Reticuloendothelial(Hepatosplenomegaly, Cardiac, Neurological Symptoms)
3-10 day remission
Recurrent Fever(2-3 Episodes) |
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Term
| How do you diagnose and treat Relapsing Fever |
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Definition
Dx: Blood Smear
Rx: Tetracycline or Erythromycin |
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