Term
| What is the goal of ophthalmic surgery? |
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Definition
| to restore vision that has been lost due to injury, disease, or congenital defects |
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Term
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Definition
1. eyelid
2. iris
3. pupil
4. cornea
5. sclera
6. lens
7. macula
8. vitreous humor
9. fovea
10. optic nerve
11. choroid
12. retina
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Term
| What is the middle lining of the eye? (closest to the bridge of the nose) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the function of the eyelids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the conjunctiva? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the medical term for the tear duct system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 6 ocular muscles? |
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Definition
- superior rectus
- inferior rectus
- medial rectus
- lateral rectus
- superior oblique
- inferior oblique
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Term
| What causes night blindness? |
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Definition
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Term
How does the superior rectus move the eye?
the inferior rectus? |
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Definition
- upward & towards midline
- downward & towards midline
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Term
How does the medial rectus move the eye?
the lateral rectus? |
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Definition
- toward the midline
- away from the midline
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Term
How does the superior oblique move the eye?
the inferior oblique? |
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Definition
- downward & away from the midline
- upward & away from the midline
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Term
| What are the purpose of tears? |
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Definition
| to moisten and irrigate the eyes |
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Term
| What is the photo receptor of the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 main steps that the eye goes through to see? |
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Definition
- light goes into the cornea
- pupil controls the amount of light recieved
- the retina focuses the light and sends the image to the brain
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Term
| What causes color blindness? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes a blind spot? |
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Definition
| a lack of both cones and rods |
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Term
What chamber lies directly in front of the iris?
What humor is located in this chamber? |
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Definition
1. anterior chamber (or cavity)
2. aqueous humor |
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Term
What chamber lies posterior to the iris and anterior to the lens?
What humor is located in this chamber? |
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Definition
1. posterior chamber (or cavity)
2. vitreous humor |
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Term
| What biconcave clear structure lies behind the iris? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is it important to keep a close eye on a patient's blood pressure during eye surgery? |
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Definition
| a higher blood pressure changes the pressure in the eyes and causes more blood to circulate |
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Term
| What part of the eye is considered to be contaminated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 types of anesthetics can be used during eye surgery? |
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Definition
1. regional anesthetic (topical)
2. general
3. retrobulbar block |
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Term
| Why are weksell spears or eye applicators the only sponges used on the eyes? |
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Definition
| sponges need to be lint free |
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Term
| How are instruments kept clean during surgery? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does strabismus mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between an eye resection and an eye recession? |
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Definition
1. a resection is a muscle strengthening procedure
2. a recession is a muscle weakening procedure |
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Term
| What ophthalmic surgery does not require a microscope? |
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Definition
| an eye muscle repair (resection or recession) |
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Term
What type of instrument is this?
[image] |
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Definition
Eye Muscle Hook
(Graefe Strabismus) |
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Term
What type of instrument is this?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
What is put inside a crouch corneal protector?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What procedure creates an adequate channel for the aqueous humor to drain out of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an eye disease in which the aqueous humor cannot be filtered, characterized by increased intraocular fluid, optic nerve cupping, and visual field loss |
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Term
What is the name & purpose of this instrument?
[image] |
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Definition
Schiotz Tonometer
(it measures the pressure in the eye) |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of Glaucoma? |
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Definition
- primary angle closure glaucoma
- open angle or chronic glaucoma
- secondary glaucoma
- congenital glaucoma
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Term
| What is an anterior vitrectomy? |
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Definition
| a procedure to remove the vitreous huom from the anterior chamber |
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Term
| What can be a major complication of cataract extraction surgery? |
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Definition
the vitreous humor gets into the anterior chamber
(an anterior vitrectomy has to be done) |
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Term
|
Definition
a posterior vitrectomy
(removal of the vitreous from its normal location in the posterior chamber) |
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Term
| What can cause an obstruction or infection in the lacrimal duct? |
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Definition
| a dacryocystocele or mucocele |
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Term
| What type of dye is used to flush the nasal cavity during a lacrimal duct probing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call an inflammation of the tear sac or lacrimal sac? |
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Definition
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Term
| What procedure is done to create a permanent opening for tears? |
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Definition
a dacryocystorhinostomy
(or DCR) |
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Term
| What 3 special things are needing during a dacryocystorhinostomy? |
|
Definition
- a small drill
- silicone tubing
- flourescein dye
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Term
|
Definition
| a chronic inflammatory granuloma of the sebaceous gland |
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Term
What type of instrument is this?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a web-like triangular shaped thickening of the tissue of the conjunctiva |
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Term
| In which direction does a pterygium grow? |
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Definition
| It begins at the medial canthus and grows laterally. |
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Term
| What is the term for a corneal transplant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a trephine blade? |
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Definition
| a circular cutting instrument used for corneal transplants |
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Term
| What type of suture is used to secure a corneal transplant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 types of cataract removals? |
|
Definition
- intracapsular
- extracapsular
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Term
| What is the difference between intracapsular and extracapsular cataract extractions? |
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Definition
- Intracapsular is done with a large incision
- Extracapsular is done with a small incision and is usually done with phacoemulsificiation
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Term
| What is phacoemulsification? |
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Definition
| ultrasonic vibration energy that breaks up the lens |
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Term
| What is the advantage of using phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extracion? |
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Definition
| There is usually no suture needed. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What type of irrigant is used in the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a foldable cataract implant |
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Term
| What type of suture is used for a cataract procedure? |
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Definition
| Bridle sutures of 4-0 silk |
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Term
| What is another name for a traction suture? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between a primary and secondary retina detachment? |
|
Definition
- a primary detachment is a hold in the retina
- a secondary detachment is fluid or tissue behind the retina
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Term
| What 4 procedures can be done to fix a retinal detachment? |
|
Definition
- scleral buckle
- diathermy
- cryosurgery
- laser therapy
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Term
| What is a scleral buckle? |
|
Definition
| a silicone band that is placed around the eye to relieve vitreous traction and treat retinal detachment |
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Term
|
Definition
| low level coagulation that is applied to the sclera over the retinal detachment |
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Term
| What procedure freezes the sclera to repair a retinal detachment? |
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Definition
| cryotherapy (cryosurgery) |
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Term
| What procedure helps a patient with Graves' disease or hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of an orbital decompression? |
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Definition
| to relieve pressure on the optic nerve and allow the eyelids to fully close |
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Term
What do you call the removal of the entire eyeball?
(the muscle stump in still intact so a prothesis can be used)
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call the removal of the ocular contents, but not the removal of the sclera? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call the removal of all the orbital contents, done to the bone? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is a hydroxyapetite? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| drooping of the upper eyelids |
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Term
| What is the difference between an ectropion repair and an entropion repair? |
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Definition
- an exctropion repair fixes everted eyelids and eyelashes
- an entropion repair fixes inverted eyelids and eyelashes
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Term
| What procedure repairs baggy eyelids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What instrument is used to diagnose eye disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the medical term for "pink eye"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 lasers are used in ophthalmology and what are they used for? |
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Definition
- Blue Argon Laser (for retinal detachments)
- Red-Yellow Krypton (for hemorrhages of the choroid)
- Yag Laser (for corneal sculpting or glaucoma filtration)
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Term
| What is the goal of lasik surgery? |
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Definition
| repair vision by reducing the curvature of the cornea |
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Term
| What 3 non-absorbable sutures are used on the eyes? |
|
Definition
- prolene (monofilament)
- nylon (monofilament)
- braid silk (bridle suture)
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Term
| What 3 absorbable sutures are used on the eye? |
|
Definition
- chromic
- plain fast-absorbing
- vicryl
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Term
| What solution is used to clean your instruments? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a mydriatic drug? |
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Definition
| a drug that dilates the pupil |
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Term
| What is an example of a mydriatic drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that constricts the pupils |
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Term
| What is an example of a miotic drug? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What does MFP mean when referring to medication? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug added to increase the effect of another local drug |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is used to replace vitreous humor or to prevent adhesions? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is an example of an anti-infammatory or steriod? |
|
Definition
- decadron
- tobradex
- predforte
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Term
| What is the abbreviaion for the right eye? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the abbreviation for the left eye? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the abbreviaton for both eyes? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What 2 parts of the eye are considered intrinsic? |
|
Definition
- the iris
- the ciliary body
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Term
| Name the 3 outer layers of the eye, starting with the outermost layer. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the steps of a tear's journey out of the eye? |
|
Definition
- lacrimal gland secretes through the lacrimal duct
- the tear moistens the eye
- it exits the lacrimal punctum through the canal and drains into the nose
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Term
| Name 2 viscoelastic agents. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the size range of sutures that might be used in ophthalmic surgery? |
|
Definition
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