Term
| Area of the retina about 3 mm temporal to the optic nerve head. |
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Definition
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Term
| Loss of central vision due to age related changes in the macula. |
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Definition
| Age-related macular degeneration |
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Term
| Central depression within macula containing only cones responsible for finest resolution sight. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the leading cause of legal blindness in patients over 60. |
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Definition
| Age related macular degeneration |
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Term
| Age related macular degeneration affects ___ of people between the ages 75 and 85. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 changes in the retina that occur due to aging and may be linked with ARMD. |
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Definition
Drusen
Retinal pigment epithelium changes
Weakening of Bruch's membrane |
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Term
| Localized deposits in Bruch's membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| The layer between the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ serves a number of metabolic functions for the photoreceptors, and when it atrophies, photoreceptors lose function. |
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Definition
| Retinal pigment epithelium |
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Term
| Pathologic process that is characterized by drusen and retinal pigment epithelium changes. |
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Definition
| Dry or atrophic macular degeneration |
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Term
| Less common and severe form of dry macular degeneration. |
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Definition
| Geographic atrophy. Can result in total loss of central vision. |
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Term
| Pathologic process characterized by extension of vessels from the choroidal circulation through the weakened Bruch's membrane. |
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Definition
| Wet or neovascular macular degeneration |
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Term
| This is the name of what is formed in wet macular degeneration when choroid vessels pierce through Bruch's membrane. |
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Definition
| Choroidal neovascular membrane, or net. |
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Term
| Visual distortion causing waviness of straight lines. |
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Definition
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Term
| Patients with dry macular degeneration may initially notice this visual change. |
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Definition
| Metamorphopsia, apparent waviness of actual straight lines |
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Term
| Patients with wet macular degeneration may notice this visual change. |
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Definition
| Sudden loss of central vision with a central scotoma. |
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Term
| This is an old treatment for wet macular degeneration that is becoming less frequently used. |
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Definition
| Laser treatment aimed at sealing off CNVM. |
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Term
| Name the 2 newest treatments for wet macular degeneration |
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Definition
Photodynamic therapy with verteporphorin
Vitreal anti-VEGF antibody injection |
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Term
| What is the benefit of anti-VEGF treatment of CNVM? |
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Definition
| It can actually improve vision rather than just slowing visual loss or stabilizing the disease. |
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Term
| What supplemental vitamins may help with ARMD? What special patient population may need to modify this? |
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Definition
A, E, C, Zinc and Copper
This may actually increase smokers risk |
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Term
| DMV's minimum for driving visual acuity. |
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Definition
| 20/40 corrected in best eye. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is a state in which the eye is relaxed and focused on an object more than 6 meters or 20 feet away. |
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Definition
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Term
| A refraction error of the eye in which there is a difference in degree of refraction in different meridians. |
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Definition
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Term
| If a red eye persists or returns after treatment, consider... |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 types of cases to refer to ophthalmologists. |
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Definition
Decreased vision
Cloudy eyes
Pain |
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Term
| Bilateral small pupils that constrict when the patient focuses on a near object, but not when exposed to bright light. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most frequent cause of a retinal tear? |
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Definition
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Term
| What demographic is typical for retinal detachment? |
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Definition
| Older people after eye surgery. Also associated with myopia and lattice degeneration |
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Term
| What patient population are the typical people who suffer central retinal artery occlusion? |
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Definition
| People with atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, or atrial fibrillation. Risk factors for clotting. |
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Term
| If you suspect this disorder, you may consider pressing on the eye with you hand in a massaging manner. |
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Definition
| Central retinal artery occlusion |
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Term
| What is the major risk factor for the development of central retinal vein occlusion? |
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Definition
| Hypertension. Arteries may close off veins where they cross in the retina. |
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Term
| What is the treatment of choice for optic neuritis? |
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Definition
| IV steroids. Do NOT use oral prednisone. |
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Term
| What is the common demographic that presents with optic neuritis? |
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Definition
| Young women 20 to 40 year old. Strong association with multiple sclerosis. |
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Term
| What is the demographic that typically presents with ischemic arteritic optic neuropathy? |
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Definition
| Older (70s) individuals with giant cell arteritis. |
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Term
| How do you treat ischemic arteritic optic neuropathy? And what are you treating? |
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Definition
High dose oral steroids
Prevention of damage to contralateral eye. Ipsilateral can rarely be helped at presentation. |
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