Term
Disk Storage Options
Page 360 |
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Definition
OS acts as an interface between the controllers and the rest of the computer.
Also provides services to application software that needs to read and write to the drive.
What goes on inside the hard drive or the hard drive drive controller is not significant in terms of the user or the operating system. |
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Definition
| 2^50 or about 1.13 x 10^15 |
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Definition
| 2^60 or about 1.15 x 10^18 |
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Term
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Definition
| 2^70 or about 1.18 x 10^21 |
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Term
IDE
Integrated Drive Electronics
Page 361 |
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Definition
| Older AMD/Intel PC's hard drive interface, supports connecting two devices into the IDE interface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supports higher transfer speeds connects up to four devices and is found in many older PC's. |
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Term
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
page 361 |
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Definition
Formalized IDE in 1990
ANSI refers to this standard as the ATA interface standard. |
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Term
ATA
Advanced Technology Attachment |
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Definition
ANSI interface standard for EIDE is ATA-2
Uses Parallel connection |
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Term
Parallel Connection
Page 361 |
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Definition
| Connection that sends data and control information over wires connected in parallel so that multiple data bits are sent at one time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cable has 40 active conductors although some ATA will have 80 wires. |
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Term
SATA
Serial ATA Interface
Page 361 |
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Definition
Newer high speed serial version of the ATA interface, uses a high speed serial cable to achieve transfer speeds currently up to 6Gbps.
7 Conductors |
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Definition
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Term
eSATA
External SATA
Page 361 |
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Definition
Interface that enables connectivity for an external SATA drive.
Port ot Slot interface
options include PCMCIA and ExpressCard Ports or a regular Peripheral Component Internet (PCI) card slot |
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Term
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Definition
| Where as USB connected carries data through a copper wire connection, this uses a optical cable |
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Term
| USB carries data at______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Light Peak Data Transfer rates |
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Definition
| 10Gbps and eventually up to 100Gbps |
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Term
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Definition
Interference is very small compared to the copper in a USB
Data transfer experiences fewer errors and much longer cables can be used with Light peak. |
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Term
SCSI
Small Computer System Interface |
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Definition
fast interface, more expensive that PATA or SATA
Support 16-18 devices
Connection by a single cable
each end must be terminated to prevent ghosts or echoes |
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Term
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Definition
| Resistor that abosrbs the electronic signal so that the signal is not reflected back onto the cable. |
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Term
SAS
Serially Attached SCSI |
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Definition
new technology supports up to 16,256 devices.
High speed technology with speeds in the 3-6 Gbps and eventaully up to 12 Gbps.
Compatible with SATA interface, server and stroage flexibility
Use a subsystema nd still sue SATA drives. |
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Term
| SCSI cable must be ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Partition Table Information |
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Definition
Type
Size
Location
Which one to access first to start the operating system. |
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Term
| New way to partition disks |
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Definition
GUID
Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table or GPT |
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Term
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Definition
Does not ahve same limits as MBR
Helps ensure partition identification is not subject to erros.
Allows operating systems to handle large up to 18EB in Windows server 2008 R2 |
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Term
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Definition
| On older computers and SATA and SCSI on newer computers and servers provide ways for the controllers to communciate with the electronics on the disk, which enabkles the controllers to retieve this information. |
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Term
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Definition
| Information about a disk, such as the number of tracks and sectors. |
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Term
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Definition
Linux operating ssytems off this command for backing up files.
Multi levels to enable different combinations of full backups and partial backups when there is not enought ime for full backups. |
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Term
| USB and FireWire interfaces |
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Definition
| Can also be used to connect hard drives and storgae devices to computers |
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Term
| Unique approaches to Windows |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Physical hard drive
Primary partitions
extended partitions
Logical drives or basic volumes |
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Term
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Definition
Most Current versions
Create volumes that span multiple disks
2000 Dynamic volumes on one disk but Microsoft recommends 32 or fewer volumes per disks |
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Term
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Definition
| Implementing software or hardware to protect against hardware failures, power interruptions, and lost data. |
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Term
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Definition
Contents of one disk are exactly duplicated on another disk
Not supported in Windows XP or Windows Vista, but is in Windows 7, eNTERPRISE, and ultimate Editions |
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Term
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Definition
| Storage technology that uses semiconductors for storage much the same as used in the flash or thumb drives. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
No moving parts
No sensitive Magnetic disks
Faster access to data
More reliable
Lower power requirements |
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Term
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Definition
Expensive than traditional magnetic hard disk storage
Apple making 64 and 128 GB |
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Term
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Definition
| Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks |
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Term
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Definition
Increased Reliability
Increase storgae capacity
increased speed
Fault tolerant
reduce the chnace of lost data of a hardware failure |
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Term
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Definition
Low-level device driver
Hardware interacts with the operating system as if it were a hard disk. |
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Term
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Definition
| At the hardware level, which to the user means that different approaches can be configured at the hardware level regardless of whether the operating system has features to configure. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Polycarbonate palstic that ahs a reflective optical surface that can be read by a laser. |
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Term
CD-ROM
Compact Disc read Only memory |
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Definition
Uses a technology in which information such as data or music is pressed onto the disc one time so it can be read or played many times.
Advanatge of pressing the data is the information media is durable. |
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Term
CD-RW
Compact Disk rewritable |
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Definition
Optical CD medium that enables you to record information from your computer to a CD. Unlike the CD-R, you can write to this multiple times.
Each time written tot he information has to be blanked or erased again prior to writing. |
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Term
| Method of storing Data on a CD |
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Definition
| Big spiral that starts at the inside of the disc and winds itself slowly toward the outside of the disc, a laser pickup is pointed at a part of the disc surface. |
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Term
| Surface of the CD reflects_____during a data read operation. |
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Definition
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Term
| This makes the disc very sensitive to scratches and other kinds of damage that can hinder optical readout. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Parity
Error Correction Code (ECC)
Error Concealment
Cyclic Redundancy Check Code (CRC)
Reed-Solomon R-S Codes |
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Term
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Definition
| Simple error detection method that typically counts the number of nonzero bits in a string of data and then sets a parity bit to reflect whether the number of nonzero bits totals to an even number or an odd number. |
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Term
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Definition
| Set parity bit switch to 0 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Replace errors by adding duplicate data or parity data so that missing data can be recovered. |
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Term
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Definition
| Error correction method that uses surrounding data to help calculate approximate data to fill in for the missing data. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses an algebraic polynomial and error key to detect and overcome errors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Error detection method and correction technique developed by Irving Reed and Gustave Solomon that uses a complex polynomial technique for addressing data errors. |
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Term
| All five of the error recovery methods are also used on _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Although the CD is a relatively delicate medium, its built in error detection and correction ,make it one of the most ______ |
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Definition
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Term
CD's are rated in terms of recording_____
as well as ________ because they are used for music or audio as well as data. |
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Definition
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Term
| High-Speed CD-ROM drives can attain data transfer rates of |
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Definition
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Term
DVD
Digital Video or Digital Versatile disc |
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Definition
Optical medium and it has data written on the disc in the form of a spiral of blocks.
Read from Laser and optical pickup. |
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Term
| Method of storing data for DVD |
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Definition
Stores two sides with up to layers per side.
Layer is read by using light that hits the disk at a different angle.
The second layer is also a spiral, this one written from the outside of the disc to the inside. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain 2 layers each layer can hold 4.7GB of data. |
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Term
DVD-R
Digital Video disc recorder |
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Definition
Can record data on the medium and then it can be read many times.
Typical life span is 25-100 years
MAM-A life span is over 100 years |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most PC's have drivers for DVD/CD-ROM drives built into the ________ |
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Definition
| BIOS systems and the boot system |
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Term
| Blu-ray discs are different than CDs and DVDs in that the data is recorded _____of the polycarbonate layer but just____the hard coating that protects the disc from damage. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 50 GB with a potential to reach 500GB |
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Term
| SATA/eSATA, EIDE, SCSI interfaces are connect to the computer through either |
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Definition
USB
IEEE 1394
Firewire
Light Peak Port |
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Term
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Definition
| Grouping of storage devices such as the hard drives that form a subnet or small private network |
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Term
| SAN technology directly connects servers and storage systems without_____over a larger or corporate network |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Send data through a full duplex, switched |
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Term
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Definition
Connection to send the data on a SAN.
All data transfer between the servers and storage systems takes place on this channel. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Part of Fibre Channel Architecture
Ultrafast connectivity in data centers
Example: Linking servers for clustering to act as one powerful server
Linking Supercomputers
Connecting disk arrays of storage to SANs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Directly attached storage to a local area network (LAN) |
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Term
| NAS is different because of |
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Definition
| Servers communicatete with the storage over the main network |
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Term
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Definition
| Communicates via Fibre Channel connection |
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Term
iSCSI
Internet Small Computer System Interface |
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Definition
| Offers TCP/IP based set of communications that enables connectivity with SCSI based storage arrays connected to the network using typical SCSI commands and data requests. |
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Term
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Definition
Faster data access
data transmission speeds are linked to the actual speed of the network.
Shorter distance LAN's longer distance wide area networks or over the internet |
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Term
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Definition
| Creates extra traffic, which can lead to congestion |
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Term
| __________and________offer the Storage Manager for SANs tool to manage Fibre Channel or iSCSI SANs/NASs. |
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Definition
| Windows Server 2008 and Server 2008 R2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Available through the internet or through the web browser applications. |
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Term
| Cloud Storage is ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What offers the fastest data transport? |
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Definition
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Term
| _________are a traditional choice for backing up large amounts of data. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tapes use _______storage and record data in sequential order. |
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Definition
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Term
DAT Drives
Digital Audio Tape |
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Definition
Uses a 4mm tape
Most common dds
Standard capacity of 2GB |
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Term
DDS-5
Digital Data Storage |
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Definition
Storage capacity 36 GB (72GB compressed)
Backward Compatible
Lifespan 10 years |
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Term
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Definition
Use 1/2 wide magnetic tapes to record data.
Record data in tracks that run the whole length of the tape
Data is recorded on the first track from the beginning to the end of the tape, then the tape is reversed and the data is written from the end to the beginning.
Used in many automated backup systems |
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Term
SDLT
Super Digital Linear tape |
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Definition
Use both magnetic and optical recording methods
30 years life span or 500,000 tape passes. |
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Term
AIT
Advanced Intelligent Tape |
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Definition
First in 1996
used in midrange servers
Erasable memory chip
information written at the beginning of the tape.
35/90GB (compressed) |
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Term
SAIT
Super Advanced Intelligent Tape |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
High-end sever market because of its high speed performance
Open standards, open to the public and non-proprietary
Data transfer 240MBps
260 tape passes and have 15-30 years of life. |
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