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| a planet orbiting a star other than our Sun |
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| large, cold interstellar clouds with diameters of dozens of light-years and typical masses of 105 solar masses; found in the spiral arms of galaxies, these clouds are where stars form |
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| luminous knots of gas in an area of star formation that are set to glow by jets of material from a protostar |
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| a planet that is intermediate between the largest terrestrial planet in our solar system (Earth) and the smallest jovian planet (Neptune); generally, mini-Neptunes have sizes between 2.8 and 4 times Earth’s size |
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Definition
| a very young star still in the process of formation, before nuclear fusion begins |
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| the outflow of gas, sometimes at speeds as high as hundreds of kilometers per second, from a star |
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| a planet larger than Earth, generally between 1.4 and 2.8 times the size of our planet |
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Definition
| when one astronomical object moves in front of another |
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